Mohamed Hanafi Musa
Department of Land Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia

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PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Hashim, Azizah
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and lowin both total and available phosphorus which severely limits theirpotential for crops production. These problems can be correctedby application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizersare expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock(PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influencethe dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physicalproperties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factorsand evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conductedin Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia andIndonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research andDevelopment from January to April 2002. The principal componentanalysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in anincubation system into a number of factors that may affect PRdissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soilacidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors asindependent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performedto derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PRdissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity,then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content andorganic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacityinteracted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolutioneffectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and siltcontent, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Cadecreased PR dissolution.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Hashim, Azizah; Adiningsih, Justina Sri
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system.  Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols > Bogor Oxisols > Subang Inceptisols > Bogor Inceptisols > Sukabumi Oxisols > Lebak Ultisols > Sukabumi Inceptisols > Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.