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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Slamet Slamet
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Polyethylene Microplastics and Disinfection of E. coli in Water over Fe- and Ag-Modified TiO2 Nanotubes Yuwendi Yuwendi; Muhammad Ibadurrohman; Setiadi Setiadi; Slamet Slamet
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2022 (June 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.13400.263-277

Abstract

In this study, Fe- and Ag-modified TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized via an anodization method as photocatalysts for degradation of polyethylene microplastics and disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The anodization voltage, as well as the Fe3+ or Ag+ concentrations on TiO2 nanotubes were evaluated and correlated to their corresponding photocatalytic properties. TiO2 nanotubes were firstly synthesized by anodization of Ti plates in a glycerol-based electrolyte, followed by incorporation of either Fe or Ag via a Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method with Fe(NO3)3 and AgNO3 as Fe and Ag precursors, respectively. UV-Vis DRS shows that the addition of Fe or Ag on TiO2 nanotubes causes a redshift in the absorption spectra. The X-ray diffractograms indicate that, in the case of Fe-modified samples, Fe3+ was successfully incorporated into TiO2 lattice, while Ag scatters around the surface of the tubes as Ag and Ag2O nanoparticles. A microplastic degradation test was carried out for 90 mins inside a photoreactor with UVC illumination. TiO2 nanotubes that are anodized with a voltage of 30 V exhibit the best degradation results with 17.33% microplastic weight loss in 90 mins. Among the modified TiO2 nanotubes, 0.03 M Ag-TiO2 was the only one that surpassed the unmodified TiO2 in terms of microplastic degradation in the water, offering up to 18% microplastic weight loss in 90 min. In terms of E. coli disinfection, 0.03M Ag-TiO2 exhibit better performance than its unmodified counterpart, revealing 99.999% bactericidal activities in 10 mins. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Comparative study of g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O and BiVO₄/Cu₂O photocathodes for enhanced electricity generation and hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic fuel cells Muhammad Fahmi Hakim; Muhammad Febriansyah Bachri; Ratnawati Ratnawati; Rike Yudianti; Muhammad Ibadurrohman; Slamet Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61810

Abstract

The preparation of good photocathodes is a crucial issue regarding promoting the performance of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) systems for environmentally protective energy conversion approaches. In the present work, a comparative study of Cu₂O-based photocathodes jointly modified with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) was performed to ascertain their competence towards concomitant electricity generation and hydrogen evolution in an integrated single-chamber photocatalytic fuel cell. Cu substrates were anodized to produce ordered Cu₂O layers, modified with immersion treatments, and then low-temperature calcination. The as-prepared products were characterized in detail by XRD, HR-TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL spectra, and XPS analyses, as well as photoelectrochemical measurements to gain insight into crystallinity, morphology, photocatalytic activity (optical absorption), electronic structure, and charge recombination. Results revealed that among the pristine Cu₂O and g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O, superior charge separation was exhibited on the BiVO₄/Cu₂O photocathode, along with better power density and hydrogen evolution. The highest power density of BiVO₄/Cu₂O was 0.05625 mW cm⁻² and 13.71 mmol.m⁻² for hydrogen evolution compared to both Cu₂O (0.0375 mW cm⁻²;11.19 mmol.m⁻²) and g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O (0.026 mW cm⁻²; 8.1616 mmol m-2). This observation was supported by the analysis of the photoluminescence spectra: BiVO₄/Cu₂O had PL intensity of 325 a.u., lower than Cu₂O (400 a.u.) and g-C₃N₄/Cu₂O (650 a.u.), validating that this sample more effectively suppressed electron–hole recombination and electron transport mechanism. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiVO₄/Cu₂O is associated with the generation of a p-n heterojunction, which accumulates a built-in electric field to drive effective charge separation and offers visible-light sensitization upon its larger absorption spectrum that is beneficial for not only promoting hydrogen evolution efficiency but also improving electricity production in PFC systems.
Seawater utilization through hybrid photocatalysis-electrocoagulation process using pumice-supported g-C3N4/BiOBr for hydrogen production and methylene blue decolorization Julius Rainer Sudianto; Reno Pratiwi; Bambang Heru Susanto; Slamet Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61722

Abstract

This study investigated the simultaneous photocatalysis-electrocoagulation process using pumice-supported g-C3N4/BiOBr nanocomposites in seawater treatment to remove organic pollutants and generate hydrogen gas. The photocatalyst nanocomposite was synthesized via coprecipitation and immobilized on the pumice surface to enhance light exposure and facilitate catalyst recovery. The performance of the hybrid system was evaluated under various operational parameters, including applied voltage, seawater concentration, and pH. The results showed that the combined process outperformed the individual photocatalysis and electrocoagulation systems. Optimal performance was achieved at pH 3 and 15% seawater concentration, resulting in 99.37% methylene blue decolorization and 211 mL of hydrogen within 2 hours. At higher salinities and lower pH, increased coagulant formation caused a shadowing effect, limiting photocatalytic efficiency despite continued hydrogen evolution. The XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) characterization of the photocatalyst material, demonstrated the successful formation of a nanocomposite with a stable surface chemistry. Photoluminescence analysis confirmed that the charge separation mechanism could be enhanced, suppressing the recombination rate and being the primary reason for the enhanced photocatalysis process, although interfacial electronic interactions remained limited. Overall, this study demonstrates that the pumice-supported g-C₃N₄/BiOBr photocatalyst integrated with electrocoagulation provides an effective and stable platform for seawater-based hydrogen production and organic pollutant removal.
Co-Authors Bambang Heru Susanto Farida Isroani Julius Rainer Sudianto Muhammad Fahmi Hakim Muhammad Febriansyah Bachri Muhammad Ibadurrohman Ratnawati Ratnawati Reno Pratiwi Rike Yudianti Setiadi Setiadi Yuwendi Yuwendi