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F.X. Nadar
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Humanities

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DIRECTIVES IN ENGLISH F.X. Nadar
Humaniora No 1 (1994)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (422.924 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jh.2022

Abstract

English has many ways of expressing directives. This paper attempts to classify the examples of directives based on their linguistic forms, which then will be given some comments. These comments, despite being subjective, are based on observation and inquiries to native speakers of English. Finally, this paper discusses other possible ways which can be used to classify the directives and the implications for learners and teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Austin (quoted by Coulthard, 1985) makes the distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts, and he says further that "the interpretation of the locutionary act concerns with meaning, the interpretation of the illocutionary act with force." Searle (cited by Coulthard, 1985 ) proposes five microclasses of illocutionary act: representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations. Directives (Coulthard, 1985:24) may be defined as all attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something- in this class the speaker is wanting to achieve a future situation in which the world will match his words and thus this class includes no (simply 'order' and 'request' but, more subtly, "invite", 'dare' and 'challenge'.
Indonesian Learners' Requests in English: A Speech-Act Based Study F.X. Nadar
Humaniora No 9 (1998)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1374.36 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jh.2045

Abstract

This paper investigates requests by Indonesian learners based on speech act theories. It attempts to find the charaderistics of the requests, and discuss the findings from the view points of forms and politeness strategy. This essay consists of five main parts. They are the introduction, brief theoretical aspects of making requests, methodology, result and discussion and conclusion. Language is a means of communication, and people use language for various reasons, Finegan, et al.(1992:3) state that language has been viewed as a vehicle of thought, a system of expression that mediates the transfer of thought from one person to another. They also claim (p.305) that "language is principally a tool for doing things" and describe that through language people do things such as: propose marriage, impose a life sentence, swear to tell the truth, fire an employee and so on. Learning how language is used is commonly associated with the study of speech acts. Speech acts are "actions that are carried out through language- (Finegan, et 81.,1992:307). Various tasks are accomplished by means of language, and linguists have different ways of explaining about speech acts.
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