Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

MENUJU SISTEM EKONOMI PANCASILA: REFORMASI ATAU REVOLUSI Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 19, No 1 (2004): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

.... intellectuals are at their best when distant from politics and power... only when intellectuals step back from governing institutions will they be able to speak truth to power.... Intellectuals, therefore had to conceive of themselves as cultural worker, responsible not solely for generating ideas but also for ensuring that those ideas wound up in the minds and arguments of a thoughtful audience and public. (K. Mattson, 2002: 9, 267)Universities are introduced, without the intellectual spirit. A bureaucracy is introduced without the rigid and widespread adherence to the principal of promotion by merit, efficiency, and a public service attitude. Parliamentary democracy is introduced without the spirit of fair play, honest election, and a genuine commitment to principles. The sciences are introduced without the spirit of enquiry. The incomplete nature of the modernisation process, the substance without the spirit, is the cause of prevailing backwardness of the developing societies. (Alatas, 1977: 78-79).

REFORMASI, TEORI EKONOMI, DAN KEMISKINAN Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 19, No 2 (2004): April
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jieb.6594

For 25 years now, the Pancasila economic theory has experienced “prosperity anddepression”. In 1980’s when the economy was booming the Indonesian economists weredebating seriously on the merit and demerit of the theory. Now after the economy had beenhaving difficulties to recover from the severe monetary crisis, the debate become hotterbecause the conventional economic theory has again demonstrated its inability. Inconnection with the role of IMF’s economists in helping Indonesian economists to rescuethe crisis, various national debate took place. The author’s brief meeting with MuhammadYunus, Bangladesh’s most prominent economist in Dacca reactivated our long timeconcern on the need of “native economic theory” for Indonesia which we had calledEkonomi Pancasila.Key words : self employment, socio-economic theory, poverty, ekonomi rakyat

FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACTS ON POVERTY IN INDONESIA Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 18, No 1 (2003): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Krisis keuangan di Asia Timur menyebar dari Thailand ke Indonesia dan negara- negara lainnya di kawasan Asia Timur melalui pasar uang dan pasar modal di mana mata uang lokal terdepresiasi dengan cepat dan dalam jumlah yang besar. Akibat dari krisis tersebut terhadap kemiskinan sangat cepat karena depresiasi mata uang lokal mengindikasikan kenaikan harga harga umum secara tiba-tiba, terutama harga makanan yang sebagian besar merupakan produk impor. Inflasi tersebut kemudian dengan serius mempengaruhi rakyat miskin karena mereka tidak mampu untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan. Konsekuensinya, kemiskinan meningkat dan proporsi populasi yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan meningkat pula. Untungnya, inflasi yng tinggi pada tahun 1998 sebesar 78 persen dapat dikontrol dengan cepat dan inflasi tersebut menurun hingga hanya 2 persen pada tahun 1999 dan kemudian kembali ke “normal” sekitar 10 persen pada periode 2000-2001. Penurunan harga bahan pangan secara otomatis pula menurunkan jumlah rakyat miskin hingga 50 persen. Ini disebut sebagai “transient poverty”. Indonesia pada saat ini masih menghadapi krisis keuangan dan perbankan, namun posisi ekonomi masyarakat, termasuk rakyat miskin, telah kembali ke keadaan normal. Ekonomi rakyat memang membuktikan kemampuannya untuk bertahan di tengah krisis. Namun demikian, sangat disayangkan bahwa media masih terus membesar-besarkan krisis keuangan yang merefleksikan kepentingan sektor swasta agar tidak perlu ditekan untuk mengembalikan utang mereka yang sangat besar jumlahnya.

TEORI INVESTASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DALAM EKONOMI PANCASILA Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 18, No 3 (2003): July
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

If economics is to become less of a religion and more of a science, then the foundationsof economics should be torn down and replaced. (Steve Keen, 2001, Debunking Economics:The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences, Pluto Press, Sydney).Keywords: Religions Economics, Economic Sin.

MENINJAU KEMBALI EKONOMIKA NEOKLASIK Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 17, No 2 (2002): April
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Economic Faculties in Indonesian Universities have been teaching economics in the Neoclassical tradition as in Samuelson’s Economics, a combination of Classical liberalism and Marginal Utility theory. But the development experience in the last 32 years which have created extreme inequalities in the distribution of wealth and income have raised the issues of economic and social justice. ”Social economics insist that justice is a basic element of social economic organization – (which is) far more important than allocative efficiency. Inefficient societies abound and endure in the historical record but societies that lack widespread conviction as to their justness are inherently unstable. ” ….. The most fundamental difference between the social-economics perspective and that of mainstream economics is that the latter has for its principal focus the production of good and services while the former focuses on the reproduction of society. (E.K. Hunt, History of Economic Thought A Critical Perspective, 1979). An atmosphere need to be created whereby economists are prepared to take on what is best from the social science; economics is more likely to be changed by its friends than by its critics; in business as well as in theory we prefer not the metaphor of the invisible hand but rather that of the “invisible handshake” the spirit of cooperation and competition. 1)Keywords: justice, ideology, Neoclassical Economics, and social economics

PEMULIHAN EKONOMI NASIONAL MENUJU DEMOKRASI EKONOMI Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 16, No 1 (2001): January
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Since the monetary and economic crisis in mid-1997 there has never been agreement, or serious debate, on how to measure economic recovery. Is it when foreign exchange rate can be stabilized or after banking recapitalization and business restructurization can be fully implemented? Even when economic growth has resumed mid-1999 and the beginning of 2000, some economist argued that it is still an artificial growth when investment has not recovered to the pre-crisis level.The article proposes different view: that is, because of the important role the Ekonomi Rakyat (estimated about 50-60% of total Indonesian economy), the economic recovery has taken place, and the ekonomi rakyat has made adjustment to the changing situation relatively easily. The argument has been strengthened by our research findings in the regions (provinces, kabupaten, and villages) which shows much smaller rate of economic contraction in 1998. It is expected that regional autonomy to be implemented in the beginning of 2001 will speed up the process of the development of ekonomi rakyat and the realization of economic democracy in the regions and the country as a whole.Keywords: economic recovery, conglomeration, ekonomi rakyat, and regional autonomy.

PERAN ILMU EKONOMI DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI RAKYAT Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 17, No 3 (2002): July
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Policy to empower the people’s economy need the support of various social sciences including economics. But experiences in Indonesian development phase of 1966-98, showed that it has helped economic growth tremendously, but it also resulted in social injustices. And above all it ended with a serious multidimentional crisis in 1997. Because of that a new economics is proposed to replace the old American Neoclassical economics. This new economics should be founded on Indonesian economic history and culture through serious empirical-inductive method. This is not to reject completely Neoclassical Economics but to modify it in such way to become Indonesian Institutional Economics.Keywords: People’s Economy, Economic History, Economics Teaching.

MENGATASI KRISIS MONETER MELALUI PENGUATAN EKONOMI RAKYAT Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 16, No 2 (2001): April
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (351.64 KB)

The Indonesian economy in the year 2000 grew 4,77 percent after only 0,23 percent growth in the previous year, due to the strong growth of physical investment and export. Any economy that is growing 5 percent a year with inflation below 10 percent is certainly not in crisis condition. However, the “complete loss of investor confidence” indeed has not restored because of political uncertainty and insecurity. The paper argues that the dualistic nature of the Indonesian economy and the important role of the ekonomi rakyat (people’s economy) is instrumental in explaining the phenomena. Another phenomenon that must be considered is the wide regional variation, meaning that the economic and monetary crisis affecting Java’s economy negatively, may become “bonanza” to other regions producing export commodities. The regional variation especially in the Human Development Index also means that indeed backward regions should be able to learn from other regions having better quality of human resources. Finally lessons can be learned from countries like India and China that has not liberalized their economy too far. The 1997 crisis has taught a hard lesson to Indonesia.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WITHOUT VISION Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 15, No 4 (2000): October
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (140.791 KB)

Cukup menarik dan patut dihargai perdebatan para ekonom kita dalam mendiagnosa penyakit-penyakit ekonomi Indonesia khususnya sejak terjadinya krisis ekonomi tahun 1997. Perdebatan-perdebatan tersebut banyak membantu masyarakat umum lebih memahami masalah-masalah mendasar yang dihadapi. Tetapi ada kalanya masyarakat tidak mengerti, bahkan bingung jika perbedaan pendapat pakar-pakar ekonomi ini demikian jauh. Dengan merujuk buku karangan Robert Heilbroner dan William Millberg, The Crisis of Vision on Modern Economic Thought (1995) artikel ini ingin menghimbau ekonom Indonesia lebih berpijak di bumi Indonesia dan selalu berpikir dalam konteks ideologi bangsanya yaitu Pancasila dalam menguraikan buah pikirannya.

SURVEI EKONOMI JAWA TIMUR: KASUS KABUPATEN PACITAN DAN LAMONGAN Mubyarto Mubyarto
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 16, No 4 (2001): October
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (407.802 KB)

East Java, the most populated province in Indonesia, is well known as a prosperous and very productive agricultural region. During the New Order Era it had experienced a “balanced development”, meaning a high growth with more or less equitable distribution. But surveys in two kabupaten, Pacitan and Lamongan in August and September 2001, revealed opposite picture. The human development index in 1999 was the lowest in Java and the prospect for regional autonomy is not good, except in selected sub-regions where the people’s economy (ekonomi rakyat) have been well developed. The regional elite attitude toward the poor even after reformasi did not seem to have changed. Overall the regional leadership must be re-oriented to the empowerment of the people especially the women.

Title

Found 11 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 11 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 11 Documents
Search