Fitrady, Ardyanto
Faculty Of Economics And Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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DID A CAPITAL DEEPENING PARADOX AND SWITCHING POINTS OCCUR IN INDONESIA? Ardyanto Fitrady
Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB) Vol 32, No 2 (2017): May
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (456.857 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jieb.27649

Abstract

This paper discusses the empirical results of wage-profit rate schedules between 2000 and 2008 in Indonesia using input-output analysis. Using a mathematical approach, this paper has four main conclusions. First, there is a decrease in both wage share and profit margin in Indonesia. The decrease may be caused by the increase in relative prices of other inputs such as raw materials that generate inefficiency. Second, there is no proof of reverse capital deepening during the observed period and there is an indication that the capital was getting cheaper relative to other inputs during the period. Third, the capital-labor ratio tends to increase over time. Fourth, there is no proof of switching point and reswitching in technology during the period. However, this paper only provides us with an empirical result during the observed period. It is always possible to have a switching point or reswitching in the economy over a longer period.
Pengukuran Kesinambungan Fiskal di Indonesia Widiastuti, Nur; Fitrady, Ardyanto; Widodo, Tri
Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik Vol 15, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian, Badan Keahlian DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jekp.v15i1.3473

Abstract

Fiscal sustainability has become a concern in many economies due to increasing government debt trends, including in Indonesia. The results of existing research on fiscal sustainability show no uniformity in measurement indicators and provisions for the government debt threshold. This study aims to measure the fiscal sustainability threshold in Indonesia. This research was conducted using time series data during the 2000 – 2019 period and applied four measurement methods: the standard method, the Operational Recursive Algorithm, the probabilistic method, and the sudden stop of modal flow in Indonesia.The measurement results show that fiscal policy in Indonesia is not sustainable based on the standard method of fiscal policy during the period 2000 - 2019. However, the Operational Recursive Algorithm method results show that fiscal policy in Indonesia is sustainable. The Probabilistic approach estimates that the safe ratio of government debt is 69.69%, concluding that Indonesia's fiscal sector is sustainable. The Sudden Stop approach shows that in 2005 – 2014, 2016, and 2019, the value of β is larger than 1. This value means that the position of government debt is dominated by debt in domestic currency units, tradable goods dominate national income, and fiscal sustainability is influenced more by changes in the internal environment. In 2015 and 2017 – 2019, however, the value of β is lower than 1. This shift is due to an increase in debt denominated in domestic currency followed by a decrease in the composition of tradable goods. The overall conclusion from the analysis using the four methods is that fiscal policy in Indonesia is a sustainable policy. AbstrakKesinambungan fiskal menjadi perhatian di banyak perekonomian, terutama dengan adanya tren peningkatan jumlah utang pemerintah di banyak negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yang ada tentang kesinambungan fiskal menunjukkan ketidakseragaman dalam hal indikator pengukuran maupun ketentuan ambang batas utang pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur ambang batas kesinambungan fiskal di Indonesia, dengan mengaplikasikan empat metode pengukuran, yaitu: metode standar, operational recursive algorithm, probabilistic dan sudden stop aliran modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berbentuk kurun waktu selama periode tahun 2000 sampai dengan 2019. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan metode standar kebijakan fiskal selama periode tahun 2000 - 2019 tidak berkesinambungan. Namun hasil metode Operasional Recursive Algorithm menunjukkan kebijakan fiskal di Indonesia merupakan kebijakan yang berkesinambungan. Estimasi pendekatan Probabilistic menunjukkan bahwa rasio utang pemerintah yang aman adalah 69,69% sehingga fiskal di Indonesia berkesinambungan. Pendekatan Sudden Stop menunjukkan bahwa pada 2005 – 2014, 2016, dan 2019 besarnya  lebih besar dari 1. Hal ini menunjukkan posisi utang pemerintah didominasi oleh utang dalam satuan mata uang domestik, pendapatan nasional didominasi oleh tradable goods, dan kesinambungan fiskal lebih dipengaruhi perubahan lingkungan internal. Pada tahun 2015, 2017 – 2019 nilai  lebih kecil dari 1. Kesimpulan akhir dari analisis dengan keempat metode tersebut adalah bahwa kebijakan fiskal di Indonesia adalah kebijakan yang berkesinambungan.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Indonesia: Role of Human Capital and Trade Openness Setiyanto, Aris; Fitrady, Ardyanto
JEJAK Vol. 17 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jejak.v17i1.5581

Abstract

This study examines FDI – economic growth nexus in Indonesia throughout 1970 to 2019. It also focuses on analyzing whether FDI-human capital and FDI-trade openness complement each other to enhance economic growth. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), the study find cointegrated relationship between FDI and economic growth. Specifically, the interaction between FDI and human capital is statistically non-significant to long-term growth. However, interestingly FDI and trade openness complement each other to encourage long-term growth. From the policy perspective, this study supports the improvement of the quality of human capital to enhance the benefits of a foreign presence in the economy and further reforms in the trade sector to enhance long-term growth in Indonesia.
Assessing Fiscal Sustainability in Indonesia Nur Widiastuti; Ardyanto Fitrady; Tri Widodo
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um002v15i12023p101

Abstract

Fiscal sustainability is a concern in many economies, especially with increasing government debt in many countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to analyze fiscal sustainability in Indonesia for the 1970-2018 period. There are two methods to measure fiscal sustainability: testing the stationarity of government debt using government budget constraints and estimating fiscal sustainability using the fiscal reaction function. Error Correction Model is used to estimate the fiscal reaction function. The fiscal sustainability test with the debt stationarity test and the fiscal reaction function had consistent results, indicating fiscal sustainability in Indonesia. The government responded well to the increase in debt by increasing the primary surplus. This study proves that the relationship between debt and primary balance is not linear or quadratic. It shows that initially, the government responds to an increase in debt by increasing its primary surplus. However, at a certain threshold, the government’s ability to respond will weaken, so the government needs to pay attention and maintain the size of the government debt ratio towards Gross Domestic Product with fiscal discipline and fiscal reform through strict regulations and prudent debt management. However, strict debt regulations can limit economic growth. Therefore, an accurate threshold calculation is needed to determine the maximum debt to encourage optimal economic growth.