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All Journal BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Suhaimi Napis
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONGST 10 Durio SPECIES BASED ON PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS OF TWO CHLOROPLAST GENES Santoso, Panca J.; Saleh, Ghizan B.; Saleh, Norihan M.; Napis, Suhaimi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Twenty seven species of Durio have been identified in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, but their relationships have not been studied. This study was conducted to analyse phylogenetic relationships amongst 10 Durio species in Malaysia using PCR-RFLP on two chloroplast DNA genes, i.e. ndhC-trnV and rbcL. DNAs were extracted from young leaves of 11 accessions from 10 Durio species collected from the Tenom Agriculture Research Station,Sabah, and University Agriculture Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers, N1-N2 and rbcL1-rbcL2, were used to flank the target regions ndhC-trnV and rbcL. Eight restriction enzymes, HindIII, BsuRI, PstI, TaqI, MspI, SmaI, BshNI, and EcoR130I, were used to digest the amplicons. Based on the results of PCR-RFLP on ndhC-trnV gene, the 10 Durio species were grouped into five distinct clusters, and the  accessions generally showed high variations. However, based on the results of PCR-RFLP on the rbcL gene, the species were grouped into three distinct clusters, and generally showed low variations. This means that ndhC-trnV gene is more reliable for phylogenetic analysis in lower taxonomic level of Durio species or for diversity analysis, while rbcL gene is reliable marker for phylogenetic analysis at higher taxonomic level. PCR-RFLP on the ndhC-trnV and rbcL genes could therefore be considered as useful markers to phylogenetic analysis amongst Durio species. These finding might be used for further molecular marker assisted in Durio breeding program.
PHYTOTOXICITY AND FIELD EFFICACY OF EXSEROHILUM LONGIROSTRA JC/MIN THE CONTROL OF BARNYARDGRASS ECOTYPES (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI VAR. CRUS-GALLI(L.) BEAUV) JURAIMI, ABDUL SHUKOR; TASRIF, ARIFIN; KADIR, JUGAH; NAPIS, SUHAIMI; SASTROUTOMO, SOETIKNO SLAMET
BIOTROPIA No. 24 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (368.348 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.24.172

Abstract

Five selected ecotypes of bamyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-gatti) from several rice growing areas in Malaysia and Indonesia were tested for their susceptibility  to the potential bioherbicide  (Exserohilum longirostratum). Bamyardgrass seedlings at the 2-3-lcaf stage were treated with 2.5xl07 conidia/ml from E. longirostratum  at different application frequencies (single, double and triple). In addition, aqueous extract assays were evaluated for the presence of a phytotoxic compound responsible for the virulence of the bioherbicide. Results of the study showed that disease severity significantly increased 20 days after treatment and resulted in mortality of the seedlings. Ecotypes from Perak and Lampung were most susceptible to the bioherbicide upon triple applications. Percentage dry weight reductions were 86.34 and 83.14%, respectively. Other ecotypes (Melaka, Banten and South Sulawesi) were observed to have a relatively similar response. Moreover, aqueous extracts of E. longirostratum  increased mortality up to 92.50% of bamyardgrass seedlings. These findings suggest that regular (double and triple) applications of E. longirostratum at a concentration of 2.5xl07 conidia/ml significantly increased mortality among bamyardgrass ecotypes. Mortality of the seedlings was attributed to the presence of a secondary phytotoxic metabolite. Key words :    Field efficacy / Phytotoxicity / Exserohilum longirostratum I Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli I ecotypes.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE ECOTYPES OF Echinochloa crus-galli var crus-galli (L). Beauv (Barnyard grass: Poaceae) IN MALAYSIA and INDONESIA SASTROUTOMO, SOET1KNO S; JURAIMI, ABDUL SHUKOR; KADIR, JUGAH; NAPIS, SUHAIMI; TASRIF, ARIFIN
BIOTROPIA No. 22 (2004)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (667.039 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2004.0.22.206

Abstract

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the morphological traits of barnyard grass ecotypes from diverse geographic origin. Seeds (caryopsis) were collected from 17 locations of  rice fields throughout Malaysia (11 states) and Indonesia (six provinces) and were grown in pots each  containing 10 kg of paddy field soil. The experiments were arranged using completely randomized design (CRD) with five  replicates. Mean separation was calculated using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was performed to determine the individual relationship within ecotypes of barnyard grass. Twelve morphological traits such as culm, panicle, leaf, and spikelet traits were measured. The growth characters such as emergence date, heading time, and growth duration were also evaluated. The average of emergence date, heading time, and growth duration of barnyard grass collected from Perils, Kedah, Penang, and Johor were relatively earlier than other ecotypes. Six groups were classified based on the cluster analysis of Malaysian ecotypes of barnyard grass. Principal component  indicated that group six was found to be highly variable compared to others. While three groups were identified in Indonesian ecotypes of barnyard grass. Group one was observed to be highly variable. Results demonstrated that morphological variation among  ecotypes of barnyard grass showing differences between the two regions illustrate the role of geographic variation. Key words : Variation / ecotypes / paddy field weeds / barnyard grass.
Co-Authors Ghizan B. Saleh Juraimi, Abdul Shukor KADIR, JUGAH Norihan M. Saleh Panca J. Santoso SASTROUTOMO, SOET1KNO S SASTROUTOMO, SOETIKNO SLAMET Tasrif, Arifin