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Study on Distilation Process of Patchouli Oil Through Leaves Delignification Nasruddin .; Gatot Priyanto; Basuni Hamzah
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 16 No. 3 (2005): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

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Research was objected to determine the effect of patchouli leaves preparation on the distillation efficiency and quality of patchouli oil. The patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) were taken from Pandan Dulang Village, Muara Enim. It was separated from the stems and dried until maximum moisture content of 15%. Experiment was conducted in two replications base on these treatments, i.e delignification temperature (550C, 800C) and fermentation time (2, 4, 6, 8, days). NaOH solution (0,25%) was used for delignification. The distillation process was conducted at 100  20C and ambient pressure environment. Patchouli oil quality was expressed as several parameter such as ester numbers, acid numbers, and specific gravity. The result showed that increasing of fermentation time is followed by decreasing of the patchouli oil quality. Delignification at 550C for 6 days was identified as the treatment produced the highest efficiency process which about 2,346% (w/w) of patchouli oil that could be extracted and showed specific gravity 0.959, acid number 0,761 and ester number 4,561. All patchouli oil produced using the treatment of fermentation time were in the range of physico-chemical quality standard of patchouli oil given by SNI no 06-2385-1991. Keyword : patchouli leaves, preparation, delignification, fermentation, and distillation

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI VOLUME BALOK DI KELAS V SD NEGERI 54 BANDA ACEH Nasruddin .
Jurnal Peluang Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Volume 4, Nomor 1, Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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This research is a classroom action research that discusses the application of contextual learning in improving students’ chievement in beam volume to 5 grade students at SDN 54 Banda Aceh. The problems were a major focus of this research is How the students’ activity, teacher’s acticity and student learning outcomes by using contextual approach to the material volume of the beam in class V SDN 54 in Banda Aceh? This study aims to determine the activity of the student, the teacher activity and student learning outcomes by uisng contextual approach to the material beams volume in class V SDN 54 in Banda Aceh. The approach used is qualitative and data analysis using percentages. Results showed activity of students has increased from the first cycle to the third cycle. It can be seen from the average score obtained in the first cycle of 3.25 (65%) in the second cycle by 3.63 (72.60%) and the third cycle of 4.38 (87.60%). The activities of teachers in the first cycle to obtain a value of 4.32 (86.40%), the second cycle by 4.63 (92.60%) and the third cycle of 4.7 (94%). Activity of students in Cycle I get the value of the average grade of 66.30 and students who completed following the learning process as many as 17 students (62.96%) of 27 students. In the second cycle, the value of the average grade achieved by the students at 71.85 and students who completed following the learning process as many as 21 students (77.78%) of the 27 students who take the learning process. While the third cycle the average value obtained by the students at 79.26 and 26 students completed (96.29%) in participating in the learning process of beams volume. Learning Outcomes students increased due to the use of contextual approach.Keywords: Contextual Approach, Beams Volume

Model pengembangan formula kompon vulkanisir ban luar dump truck dengan filler fly ash Nasruddin .; Sudirman .; A. Mahendra; A. Haryono
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 25, No 1 (2014): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

Retread tire dump trucks imported and local characterization has been performed as a basis for modeling the development of a formula dump truck tire retreading. Materials used include natural rubber SIR 20, Thermoplastic Elastomer (inserting ETP), carbon black, silica and fly ash. The test results showed that the addition of the ETP on natural rubber SIR 20 for retread tire dump trucks can increase the hardness of 3.03%, 3.87% tensile strength, tear strong 15.46%, 100% modulus with a value of 36.28%, the modulus 300% with a value of 27.71% and 52.46% abrasion value. Testing of mechanical properties in fresh condition after aging (aging) and after ozone exposure given PPHM 25 for 3x24 hours at a temperature of 40°C shows, the addition of ETP a positive effect on some mechanical properties. The test results showed the addition of SEM-EDS ETP can protect natural rubber from ozone attack. Fly ash is added to the compound of formula has a tendency to bind to one another, so that the process of making the formula developed an innovative mixing with coupling agent Si type of PEG 400 and 69.Keywords: natural rubber, ETP, carbon black, fly ash, dump truck tire compound.AbstrakVulkanisir ban luar dump truck impor dan lokal telah dilakukan karakterisasi sebagai dasar untuk membuat model pengembangan formula vulkanisir ban luar dump truck. Bahan yang digunakan antara lain karet alam SIR 20, Elastomer Termoplastik (inserting ETP), carbon black, silica dan fly ash. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan, penambahan ETP pada karet alam SIR 20 untuk vulkanisir ban luar dump truck dapat meningkatkan kekerasan 3,03%, kuat tarik 3,87%, kuat sobek 15,46%, modulus 100% dengan nilai 36,28%, modulus 300% dengan nilai 27,71% dan abrasi = 52,46%. Pengujian sifat mekanik pada kondisi segar setelah proses penuaan (aging) dan setelah diberi paparan ozon 25 pphm selama 3x24 jam pada suhu 40°C menunjukan, penambahan ETP memberikan efek positif pada beberapa sifat mekanik. Hasil pengujian SEM-EDS menunjukan penambahan ETP dapat melindungi karet alam dari serangan ozon. Fly ash yang ditambahkan pada formula kompon memiliki kecenderungan berikatan satu sama lain, sehingga pada proses pembuatan formula dikembangkan suatu inovasi pencampuran dengan coupling agent jenis PEG 400 dan Si 69.Kata Kunci : karet alam, ETP, carbon black, fly ash, kompon ban luar dump truck.

Model Pengembangan formula Rubber Membrane Filter Press Nasruddin .
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2013): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

This reseach aimed to find the formula for rubber membrane filter press as substitution of imported ones.The treatment were kaolin (45, 50, 53, and coconut shell charcoal as a filler. The results showed that rubber membrane filter press-M3 had better chemical and physical properties than imported rubber membrane filter press. Test results for the rubber membrane filter press-M3 showed hardness value 126 shore A; tensile strength 173 kg/cm2 ; tensile strength of 200% with a value of 51 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 869%, tear resistance 119 kg/cm2 ; gravity of 1.992 g/cm2 and abrasion resistance DIN 210.6 mm2. The test results of rubber membrane filter press (M3) shows the development of the formula, kaolin derived from Bangka Island and coconut shell charcoal is added as a filler in rubber formula membrane filter press to improve the physical properties and gives a tendency to increase the bond between the rubber membrane-forming molecules filter press.Keywords: charcoal, kaolin, membrane, natural rubber, synthetic rubber AbstrakTelah dilakukan karakterisasi rubber membrane filter press yang berasal dari impor sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan formula baru rubber membrane filter press dengan filler kaolin, arang tempurung kelapa. Hasil pengujian sifat mekanik dari beberapa formula pengembangan diperoleh data untuk formula rubber membrane filter press-M3 hasil ujinya lebih baik dari rubber membrane filter press impor. Rubber membrane filter press-M3 berdasarkan hasil uji untuk kekerasan 126 shore A; tegangan putus 173 kg/cm2; kuat tarik 200% nilainya 51 kg/cm2; perpanjangan putus 869%; ketahanan sobek 119 kg/cm2; berat jenis 1,992 g/cm2 dan ketahanan kikis DIN 210,6 mm2. Rubber membrane filter press (M3) dari formula pengembangan menunjukkan, kaolin dan arang tempurung kelapa yang ditambahkan sebagai bahan pengisi dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan dapat meningkatkan ikatan antar molekul pembentuk rubber membrane filter press.Kata kunci : arang, membrane, kaolin, karet alam, karet sintetis

Karakteristik asap cair yang ditambahkan ekstrak aroma daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Nasruddin .
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2015): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

This research aims to study the characteristics of liquid smoke coconut shell pyrolysis results were added aroma extract fragrant pandan leaves. Coconut shell with ± 2.5 cm size for each treatment with a weight of 10 kg to the pyrolysis temperature (T1) 300 oC, (T2) 350 oC (T3) 400 oC and (T4) 450 oC with pyrolysis time (t1) 3 hours; (t2) 4 hours; (t3) 5 hours; and (t4) 6 hours. Liquid smoke highest yield of 18.644% of all treatment is obtained from the pyrolysis at temperatures of 400 oC for 5 hours. Liquid smoke pyrolysis results of all treatments added aroma extract fragrant pandan leaves (70:30). Results of characterization of a mixture of liquid smoke to extract the best aroma of fragrant pandan leaves of all treatments is of pyrolysis at temperatures of 450 oC for 4 hours added with the aroma of fragrant pandan leaf extract with the results of a specific gravity of 1.0835, the pH value of 2.57, the acid value of 9.844%, total phenols 4.163%, and carbonyls 11.174%. The aroma of fragrant pandan leaf extract were added to the liquid smoke does not provide significant changes in aroma liquid smoke.Keywords : the scent of pandanus, liquid smoke, carbonyl, phenol, pyrolysisAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik campuran asap cair dari hasil pirolisis tempurung kelapa dengan ekstrak aroma daun pandan wangi. Tempurung kelapa dengan ukuran ± 2,5 cm untuk masing-masing perlakuan dengan berat 10 kg dipirolisis pada temperatur (T1) 300 oC, (T2) 350 oC, (T3) 400 oC dan (T4) 450 oC dengan waktu pirolisis (t1) 3 jam; (t2) 4 jam; (t3) 5 jam; dan (t4) 6 jam. Rendemen asap cair tertinggi dari semua perlakuan adalah 18,644% diperoleh dari hasil pirolisis pada temperatur 400 oC selama 5 jam. Asap cair hasil pirolisis dari semua perlakuan ditambahkan ekstrak aroma daun pandan wangi (70:30). Hasil karakterisasi campuran asap cair dengan ekstrak aroma daun pandan wangi yang terbaik dari semua perlakuan adalah pirolisis pada temperatur 450 oC selama 4 jam yang ditambahkan dengan aroma ekstrak daun pandan wangi dengan hasil berat jenis 1,0835, pH 2,57, asam 9,844%, phenol total 4,163%, dan karbonil 11,174%. Ekstrak aroma daun pandan wangi yang ditambahkan pada asap cair tidak memberikan perubahan aroma yang signifikan pada aroma asap cair.Kata kunci : aroma pandan, asap cair, karbonil, phenol, pirolisis

Studi kualitas minyak goreng dari kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) melalui proses sterilisasi dan pengepresan Nasruddin .
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 22, No 1 (2011): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

The objective of this research is to study the cooking oil quality from raw material of grated coconut flesh . The grated coconut flesh is dried within oven at 35 °C to 50 °C temperature until its water content reached 5%. Grated coconut flesh with maximum water content of 5% was weighted with magnitude of 1000 g for each treatments. It was subsequently wrapped by using cloth for sterilization processs at 10 psi, 12.5 psi and 15 psi pressures as well as 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes of sterilization times. The sterilization output was pressed at 15 psi for 60 minutes. The produced oil was then cetrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The observed parameters for this oil product were yield, water content, specific gravity and free fatty acid. The best treatment was found in sterilization that use 15 psi and 60 minutes having yield of 17.260%, specific gravity of 0,9045 g/cm3, water content of 0.252% and free fatty acid of 0.243%, respectively.Keywords: Coconut, cooking oil, sterilization, yield, free fatty acid AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas minyak goreng dengan bahan baku kelapa yang sudah diparut. Kelapa parut dikeringkan di dalam oven pada temperatur 35 °C dan 50 °C sampai kadar air 5%. Kelapa parut dengan kadar air maksimum 5% ditimbang untuk masing-masing perlakuan 1000 g. Kelapa parut yang sudah ditimbang dibungkus dengan kain untuk disterilisasi pada tekanan 10; 12,5 dan 15 psi dengan waktu sterilisasi 30; 40; 50 dan 60 menit. Hasil sterilisasi dipres pada tekanan 15 psi selama 60 menit. Minyak yang dihasilkan disentrifugasi pada kecepatan 3000 rpm selama 20 menit. Minyak hasil sentrifugasi diuji yield, kadar air, berat jenis dan asam lemak bebas. Perlakuan terbaik dari proses sterilisasi yaitu pada tekanan 15 psi dengan waktu sterilisasi 60 menit menghasilkan yield 17,260%, berat jenis 0,9045 g/cm3, kadar air 0,252%, dan asam lemak bebas 0,243%.Kata Kunci: Kelapa, minyak goreng, sterilisasi, yield, asam lemak bebas

Pemanfaatan silika abu sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi rubber membrane filter press untuk memisahkan minyak inti sawit Nasruddin .
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2012): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

This research was aimed to obtain rubber membrane filter press (RMFP) from natural rubber (NR) as well as synthetic rubber (chloroprene rubber and nytrike butadiene rubber). The research method was done my vulcanizing natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and filler to shape RMFP. Research formulation was done with 8 units of experiments using variations of mixers that have been pre-determined. The examination to the RMFP was done with ASTM test methods that cover parameters such as viscometer mooney, hardness, tensile strength, and modulus 200%, elongation at break, tear strength, density, and abrasion. The laboratory results showed that the formula for RMFP D that is contained of the mix of NR 10, CR 90, A 86 2 phs; steararatic acid 0.5 phr; TMTD 0.2 phr; sulfur 0.5 phr; ETV 0.8 phr; dan Mo 3 phr with results for hardness 81.5 shore A, tensile strength 161.5 kg/cm2, modulus 200% 41.50 kg/cm2, elongation at break 831%, tear strenght 97.50 kg/cm2, density 1.604 g/cm3, abrasion rest 280.5 mm2, curing characteristic rheometer on temperature 150 oC 12.484%.Keywords : Natural rubber, rice husk, rubber membrane filter press synthetic rubber, silicaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rubber membrane filter press (RMFP) dari karet alam (NR) dan karet sintetis (chloroprene rubber and nytrike butadiene rubber). Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara vulkanisasi karet alam, karet sintetis, bahan pengisi untuk membentuk rubber membrane filter press. Formula penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 8 unit percobaan dengan variasi campuran yang telah ditentukan. Pengujian terhadap rubber membrane filter press dilakukan dengan metode uji ASTM yang meliputi parameter, viscometer mooney, hardness, tensile strength, modulus 200%, elongation at break, tear strenght, density dan abrasion. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan, untuk formula RMFP D yang terdiri dari campuran karet alam (NR) 10; chloroprene rubber (CR) 90; A. 86 2 phr; asam steararat 0,5 phr; TMQ/P.H 2 phr; 6 PPD 1 phr; silica dari abu sekam padi 50 phr; CaCO3 15 phr; karbon hitam N.330 10 phr; DOP 5 phr; DEG 5 phr; TMTD 0,2 phr; sulfur 0,5 phr; ETV 0,8 phr; dan Mo 3 phr dengan hasil uji untuk hardness 81,5 Shore A, tensile strength 161,5 kg/cm2, modulus 200% 41,50 kg/cm2, elongation at break 831%, tear strenght 97,50 kg/cm2, density 1,604 g/cm3, abrasion rest 280,5 mm2, curing characteristic rheometer pada temperatur 150 oC 12,484%.Kata kunci : Karet alam, karet sintetis, rubber membrane filter press, sekam padi, silika

Delignifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisis bertahap untuk menghasilkan glukosa Nasruddin .
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2012): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

This reseach aims to stady the process of delignification lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches for each treatment with 500 g weight with a solution of NaOH at concentration 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Delignification process takes place at temperatures of steam sterilization bay autoclve for 50 minutes, 75 minutes, 100 minutes, and 125 minutes. Delignification results of oil palm empty fruit bunches are washed with water pH 6 t0 6.5. After being washed drained on gauze for 60 minutes. The performed the first stage fermentation with Trichoderma viride fungus 20% w/w of oil palm empty fruit bunches witha time of 2 days, 4 days, 6 days and 8 days. The second stage fermentation with Aspergillus niger 20% w/w with a time of 2 days, 4 days, 6 days and 8 days. The resulting glucose was tested based on SNI 01-2892-1992. The test results indicate delignification of palm empity fruit bunches with 8% NaOH solution in conjunction with the sterilization process for 100 minutes to reduce levels of lignin from 22.158% to 2,361%. Gradual hydrolysis of cellulose from oil palm empty bunches fruit bunches with Trichoderma viride fermentation time of 2 days during the first stage followed by a second phase hydrolysys with Aspergillus niger for 6 days to produce glucose 1.251 mg/L.Keywords : Oil palm empty fruit bunches, delignification, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, glucose. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses delignifikasi lignin dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk masing-masing perlakuan dengan berat 500 g dengan larutan NaOH pada konsentrasi 2%; 4%; 6%; dan 8%. Proses delignifikasi berlangsung pada temperatur uap panas dari proses sterilisasi dengan autoclave selama 50 menit; 75 menit; 100 menit; dan 125 menit. Hasil delignifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit dicuci dengan air pH 6 – 6,5. Setelah dicuci ditiriskan di atas kawat kasa selama 60 menit. Selanjutnya dilakukan fermentasi tahap pertama dengan kapang Trichoderma viride 20% w/w pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan waktu 2 hari; 4 hari; 6 hari dan 8 hari. Fermentasi tahap kedua dengan kapang Aspergillus niger 20% w/w dengan waktu 2 hari; 4 hari; 6 hari dan 8 hari. Glukosa yang dihasilkan diuji berdasarkan SNI 01-2892-1992. Hasil uji menunjukkan delignifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan larutan NaOH 8% bersamaan dengan proses sterilisasi selama 100 menit dapat menurunkan kadar lignin dari 22,158% menjadi 2,361%. Hidrolisis bertahap terhadap selulosa dari tandan kosongkelapa sawit dengan Trichoderma viride selama waktu fermentasi 2 hari tahap pertama, dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisis tahap kedua dengan Aspergillus niger selama 6 hari dapat menghasilkan glukosa 1,251 mg/L.Kata Kunci : Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, delignifikasi, Trichoderma viride,Aspergillus niger, glukosa

Karakteristik briket dari tongkol jagung dengan perekat tetes tebu dan kanji Nasruddin .; Risman Affandy
Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2011): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENELITIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Palembang

The research objective is to study the briquette characteristics produced from pressing process with sugarcane molasses and tapioca flour adhesives. Materials used in this study were 20 mesh corn stem, sugarcane molasses adhesive and tapioca flour adhesives. The treatments were consisted of briquettes without adhesive, briquettes with 4% and 7% sugarcane molasses adhesive as well as briquettes with 4% and 7% tapioca flour adhesive respectively using 20 gram of corn stem. The pressing for corn stem into briquettes was conducted by using pressure of 1, 2, 3, 6 and 10 tonf. The tested parameters for briquettes were water content by using gravimetric method, specific gravity by using gravimetry method and calory value by using bomb calorimeter. The results showed that treatment of 20 gram corn stem with 7% tapioca flour adhesive at 10 tonf pressure had water content of 6.245%, specific gravity of 1.31 g/cm3 and calory value of 4.791 calory/g, respectively.Keywords : Corn stem, sugarcane molasses adhesive, tapioca flour adhesive, briquette AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik briket yang dihasilkan dari proses pengempaan dengan perekat tetes tebu dan perekat kanji. Bahan yang digunakan terdiri dari tongkol jagung ukuran 20 mesh, perekat tetes tebu dan perekat kanji. Briket yang dihasilkan merupakan variasi perlakuan tanpa bahan perekat, dengan perekat tetes tebu 4% dan 7% dari 20 gram berat tongkol jagung, dan dengan bahan perekat kanji 4% dan 7% dari 20 gram berat tongkol jagung. Proses pengempaan tongkol jagung menjadi briket dilakukan pada gaya tekan pengepresan dengan variasi gaya tekan 1, 2, 3, 6, dan 10 tonf. Pengujian briket meliputi kadar air dengan metode oven, berat jenis dengan metode gravimetri dan nilai kalor dengan bomb kalorimeter. Hasil uji menunjukkan untuk perlakuan 20 gram tongkol jagung menggunakan perekat kanji 7% pada gaya tekan pengempaan 10 tonf mengandung kadar air 6,245%, berat jenis 1,31 g/cm3 dan nilai kalor 4.791 kal/g.Kata Kunci : Tongkol jagung, tetes tebu, kanji, briket

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