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All Journal Tropical Health and Medical Research Journal
Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam
Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu Nigeria
Religion Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Ophthalmological Findings in Paediatric Non-Traumatic Coma in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria Ikenna Kingsley Ndu; Ifeoma N Asimadu; Benedict Onyeka Edelu; Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam; Ogechukwu F Amadi; Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi; Uchenna Ekwochi
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (142.65 KB) | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v0i0.20

Abstract

The ophthalmological examination is a vital aspect of the central nervous system examination in comatose children. Several authors have documented different findings with disparities in their recommendations about making ophthalmological examination a routine in the management of the unconscious child. This study sought to evaluate the relevance of routine ophthalmological examination in the management of unconscious children admitted into the paediatric emergency room of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria. This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted from April 2018 to March 2019. Unconscious patients whose caregivers gave consent were recruited into the study. Traumatic causes of coma were excluded. Demographic features of the patients were obtained. The ophthalmologic examination and diagnoses were made by an ophthalmologist, while the emergency room pediatrician made clinical assessment and diagnoses. Sixteen unconscious children had ophthalmologic examinations done. The Glasgow coma scale scores ranged from 3 to 11, with a mean of 6.6±2.2. Thirteen (81.3%) of the children were classified as severe unconsciousness while the rest were moderate. The degree of unconsciousness was significantly associated with the outcome (?2 =16.0, P = 0.03). A total of six (37.5%) ophthalmologic diagnoses were made, which included cerebral malaria, degenerative myopia, orbital cellulitis, and exposure keratopathy. The presence of an abnormal ophthalmologic finding was not significantly associated with outcome (?2 =0.36, P = 0.55). Routine ophthalmologic examination may not be justified as a management protocol in unconscious children but may be considered in selected cases.
Prevalence and Pattern of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children an Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: a 10 Year Retrospective Study Ikenna Kingsley Ndu; Ugo Nnenna Chikani; Benedict Onyeka Edelu; Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam; Adaobi Ijeoma Bisi-Onyemaechi; Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi; Uchenna Ekwochi
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.613 KB) | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v3i1.21

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most severe complication in pediatric cases of type 1 diabetes and also the leading cause of death in these children. There is a broad geographic variation in the frequency of DKA at the onset of diabetes. This study sought to determine DKA's prevalence and pattern in Enugu and review the treatment and outcome over ten years. This retrospective study conduct in the Children Emergency Rooms (CHER) of the two tertiary institutions in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria: Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) and the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH). The biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) base on the presence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 11 mmol/L), acidosis (serum bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L), and ketonuria (urine ketone ?1+). A total of 16,488 children were admitted during the ten years, of which 21 children presented with DKA, representing a prevalence of 0.13%. Six (28.6%) of the patients were newly diagnosed diabetics, while fifteen (71.4%) known diabetics, of which 9 (60%) were presenting with DKA for the first time. A total of two patients died, giving a mortality rate of 9.5%. The rest treated and discharged. The total hospitalization duration ranged from 1–31 days, with a mean duration of 13.3 ± 7.5 days. This study has revealed some of the challenges with the management of children with DKA and the unacceptably high mortality rate.
Co-Authors Adaobi Ijeoma Bisi-Onyemaechi Benedict Onyeka Edelu Benedict Onyeka Edelu Ifeoma N Asimadu Ikenna Kingsley Ndu Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi Ogechukwu F Amadi Uchenna Ekwochi Ugo Nnenna Chikani