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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal PENDIPA Journal of Science Education PALAR : Pakuan Law Review
Bambang Kustiawan
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Humanities Chemistry Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Social Sciences

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Manajemen Mitigasi Bencana Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini untuk Mengurangi Risiko Bencana Gempa Bumi Irawan Irawan; Yuli Subiakto; Bambang Kustiawan
PendIPA Journal of Science Education Vol 6, No 2 (2022): March - June
Publisher : University of Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/pendipa.6.2.609-615

Abstract

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna menganalisis upaya mitigasi dalam penanganan gempa bumi pada pendidikan anak usia dini dengan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran model PURINA yang didasari memalui penguatan manajemen bencana melaui pendidikan sejak dini dalam bentuk penerapan kurikulum pembelajaran kebencanaan di tingkat satuan PAUD. Bencana merupakan salah satu bentuk ancaman non-militer dalam keamanan nasional. Dalam keamanan nasional, bencana sebagai salah satu tolak ukur bahwa negara tersebut aman atau tidak. Bencana sangat mengancam kehidupan sosial masyarakat yang berlaku yang pada akhirnya mengancam keamanan nasional suatu negara. Ancaman yang dirasakan penduduk Indonesia adalah semakin marak terjadinya kejadian bencana yang terjadi di hampir seluruh Indonesia. Gempa bumi secara pola mekanisme adalah salah satu bencana alam yang dalam siklus tertentu akan terus berulang kemabli, ketika akumulasi energy tabrakan maksimum berada pada suatu titik lapisan bumi sudah tak sanggup menahan tumpukan energy yang kemudian energy tersebut akhirnya akan dilepas dalam bentuk guncangan gempa bumi (literasipublik.com). Mengenal istilah mitigasi asal katanya dari Bahasa Latin, yaitu mitis (jinak) dan agare (melakukan). Mitigasi dilakukan untuk menjinakkan sesuatu dimana dalam pembahasan ini berarti bencana. Oleh karena itu, serangkaian tindakan yang dilakukan secara sistematis untuk mengurungi risiko dan dampak bencana. Mitigasi bencana menjadi bagian dari tahap awal penanggulangan bencana (sebelum bencana) (wikipedia.org). Gempa bumi dan yaitu satu dari sekian banyak bencana alam yang secara terus menerus terulang di daerah-daerah di Indonesia menimbulkan kerugian materi, korban jiwa dan taruma yang berkepanjangan. Berdasarkan kenyataan itulah harus ada upaya preventif semua pihak yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko dan dampak kerugian yang ditimbulakannya dengan manajemen mitigasi bencana sejak dini di satuan pendidikan.
Fragmentation of Authority in National Cyber Defense A Legal Analysis of Overlapping Inter-Agency Authority and the Urgency of Integrated Command Restu Putri Pamungkas; Bambang Kustiawan; Asep Adang Supriyadi; Guntur Eko Saputro
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Volume 12, Number 1 January-March 2026
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v12i1.41

Abstract

The evolution of cyberspace as the fifth domain of warfare has transformed the national defense landscape, where hybrid threats can now disrupt sovereignty without physical war declarations. Indonesia responds to this challenge through the Total People's Defense and Security System (Sishankamrata) doctrine, yet its implementation is hindered by acute institutional fragmentation. This study aims to analyze the implications of regulatory disharmony on strategic defense effectiveness and formulate an ideal legal construction for national cyber governance. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study finds that current sectoral regulations create legal antinomy between defense mandates (Military/TNI), law enforcement (Police/Polri), and administrative security (National Cyber and Crypto Agency/BSSN). An asymmetry of authority is identified where BSSN, as the coordinator, is based only on a Presidential Regulation, lacking operational coercive power over institutions established by Law. The absence of legal escalation mechanisms in the "grey zone" leads to decision-making paralysis during crises. This study concludes the need for legal reconstruction through the enactment of a Cyber Security and Defense Law as lex specialis. This law must institutionalize a Unified Command System that establishes a single authority and clear thresholds for transferring operational control from civil to military domains, ensuring a rapid, integrated, and legally certain state response. Keywords: National Cyber Security Policy, Strategic Defense, Authority Fragmentation, Unified Command, Total Defense System.
Reconstructing International Humanitarian Law for the Use of Autonomous Weapon Systems in Modern Defence: Addressing Meaningful Human Control and the Accountability Gap Nanang Yulian; Bambang Kustiawan; Asep Adang Supriyadi; Guntur Eko Saputro
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Volume 12, Number 1 January-March 2026
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v12i1.46

Abstract

The rapid deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) is reshaping contemporary defence strategies and testing the adequacy of existing International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This research offers a normative legal analysis of the relationship between autonomous lethal decision-making and core IHL principles, particularly distinction, proportionality, and precautions in attack. Combining doctrinal methods with a systematic bibliometric review of 621 Scopus-indexed publications, the study empirically maps the global debate and identifies structural gaps between advances in military AI and current accountability regimes. The findings reveal a persistent accountability gap when AWS operate unpredictably, undermining individual criminal responsibility and victims’ right to remedy. To address this, the article proposes a reconstruction of IHL centred on robust standards of Meaningful Human Control, algorithmic transparency, and the integration of co-active design as a legal design requirement for AWS. This reconstruction aims to ensure that technological modernisation in warfare does not erode human dignity, but remains anchored in human agency and enforceable legal responsibility. Keywords: Autonomous Weapon Systems; International Humanitarian Law; Meaningful Human Control; accountability gap; co-active design; war torts.
Co-Authors Guntur Eko Saputro Irawan Irawan Nanang Yulian Restu Putri Pamungkas Subiakto, Yuli Supriyadi, Asep Adang