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KAJIAN KELEMBAGAAN AGRIBISNIS DALAM MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM USAHA PERTANIAN BERBASIS AGROEKOSISTEM IKIN SADIKIN; RITA NUR SUHAETI; KEDI SURADISTRA
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 1 Februari 2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Research on agricultural institution with agribusiness orientation has not yet been given muchattention. Yet, farmers obtain information on technology, market and processing techniquesthrough the existing institutional roles, either in forms of organization, norms or communityfigures. The effort to accelerate the flow of agricultural inputs, process of technology transfer,and other production factors is a collective activity depicted in institutional network in localagricultural activities. A participatory observation using Rapid Appraisal of AgricultureKnowledge Systems (RAAKS) methodology concludes that the present primordial institution ineach production segment process positive potential to develop and that shared objective isrecognized as the starting point to develop an institution. Moreover, size of organization,membership status and institutional orientation also play important roles in the development of aninstitution, minimum commercial size, and policy on managerial development.

PENERAPAN INDEKS GINI UNTUK MENGINDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT PEMERATAAN PENDAPATAN DAN PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA PEDESAAN DI WILAYAH JAWA DAN BALI MADE OKA ADNYANA; RITA NUR SUHAETI
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Gini Index application to identify rural income and expenditure distributions in Java and BaliAreas. Rural household welfare can be approached by evaluating income ad expenditure levelboth for total and capita level. In the mean time, income structure reflects activity distributionas sources of income gained by the households. Income distribution level can be identified byapplying Gini Index. This study was conducted in various agro-ecosystems in Java and Bali.This paper discusses about income and expenditure structures of those rural households at thementioned agro-ecosystems. This study results was expected to be useful for research andassessment (R&A) in those areas mainly in evaluating outcome and impact of the R&A inthose respective agro-ecosystems.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE IAARD RITA NUR SUHAETI; EDI BASUNO
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 3 November2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Bank Dunia mendeteksi rendahnya tingkat adopsi teknologi di lingkup BadanPenelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Hal ini menyebabkan digunakannya pendekatanpartisipatif; masyarakat memerlukan teknologi dan hendaknya pemerintah memperhatikanlebih baik aspek-aspek sosial dari para pengguna teknologi. Pembentukan tim inti SocioeconomicAnd Gender Analysis (SAGA) merupakan permulaan program sosialisasi daninstitusionalisasi tentang SAGA di lingkup Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertaniandan tujuan utama program ini untuk mewujudkan kapasitas pemahaman tentang SAGA bagipara pengkaji.Data dikumpulkan dari delapan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP)dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara baik terstruktur maupun semi-terstruktur dandengan diskusi kelompok. Semua responden merupakan alumni lokakarya SAGAsebelumnya. Pelatihan berjenjang diselenggarakan dari tahun 2000 – 2002, yang dimulaidengan pelatihan bagi pelatih utama, pelatih dan staff. Jumlah alumni pelatih utama, pelatihdan staf masing-masing adalah 18, 124 dan 416 orang.Dari segi jumlah tampak sangat menjanjikan, tetapi bukan dari segi kualitas.Pelatihan secara berjenjang belum memberikan hasil seperti diharapkan. Masing-masingalumni diharapkan sebagai focal point SAGA dan mampu mewujudkan jaringan kerja dimasing-masing wilayah. Penyebab utamanya adalah tidak semua alumni mampumenyebarluaskan pendekatan SAGA di masing-masing unit kerja. Kurang optimalnyakinerja alumni pelatih utama menyebabkan sulitnya mengupayakan adanya terbentuknyajejaring SAGA tingkat regional. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan oleh tingginya tingkatketergantungan pelatih utama pada tim inti SAGA. Hal ini juga mempengaruhi kualitasalumni dari pelatihan untuk pelatih dan pelatihan untuk staff. Demikian pula kurangnyapemahaman fasilitator terhadap materi SAGA menyebabkan juga kurangnya pemahamanpeserta pelatihan. Berbagai hasil Monev menunjukkan pelembagaan SAGA di lingkupBadan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian tidak seperti yang diharapkan sebelumnya.Hal ini tercermin dari rendahnya nilai Monev dari BPTP yang di Monev.

INKORPORASI PERSPEKTIF GENDER DALAM PENGEMBANGAN REKAYASA ALAT DAN MESIN PERTANIAN RITA NUR SUHAETI; SRI SUHARNI SIWI
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 2 Juli 2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Incorporation of Gender Perspective in Agricultural Machinery Engineering. Development isbasically gender neutral. However, gender bias often occurs in the developmentimplementation and it leads to gender inequity and gender inequality. This implies that onlyone gender side (mostly men) accesses and takes a part in the various development programs,including agricultural development. In addition, they also control and benefit its output andoutcomes. In this reform era, agricultural sector still plays an important role in the Indonesia’seconomy. Agribusiness and smallholders would be successful if all discrimination forms foragribusiness agent’s empowerment is eradicated and market mechanism fairness could beserved. Due to cultural bias existence, roles of women in economic aspects are often takenfor granted. Therefore, dissemination of Republic Indonesia’s Act No 7/1984 especially inthe articles 11 and 14 to all stakeholders responsible for agricultural developmentimplementation in various sectors at rural areas is required so that that woman would benefitfrom labor saving technology skill. Social and institutional constraints should be overcome, inorder that woman farmers needs skill on operating and repairing simple agriculturalmachineries to lighten they daily drudgery.

EVALUASI KEGIATAN SOSIALISASI DAN PELEMBAGAAN ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN GENDER (SAGA) DALAM LITKAJI LINGKUP LITBANG PERTANIAN RITA NUR SUHAETI; EDI BASUNO
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 1 Februari 2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Evaluation on SAGA activity in Research and Assessment within the IAARD.Relatively low technology adoption level by end users had triggered application ofparticipatory approach, user oriented technology and more pay attention to user’s socialaspects. Socio-economic And Gender Analysis (SAGA) Core Team (SCT) establishment wasthe initiation of Socialization and Institutionalization program within the Indonesian Agencyfor Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). The main objective of the program isto establish SAGA capacity of the researchers and extension workers within the IAARD. Thedata were gained from eight Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) byapplying structured and semi-structured interviews and Focused Group Discussion (FGD).Respondents for the study were alumnae of the SAGA training workshop. The cascadetraining workshops were held within the period of 2000 - 2002, beginning from Training ofMaster Trainers (TOM), Training of Trainers (TOT) and Training of Staff (TOS). Number ofthe TOM, TOT and TOS were 18; 124; and 416 persons respectively. From the quantityaspect, the number seemed to be promising but not from the quality aspect. The cascadetraining has not given yet expected result. Each alumna was expected to be SAGA focalpoints and could establish networking within the region. The main cause was that not allalumnae could disseminate the SAGA approach in each working unit. Less optimal output ofthe TOM alumnae caused a bumpy regional networking establishment. This reflected thatTOM’s alumnae dependency level to the SCT was quite high. It also affected outputs of TOTand TOS. In addition, less understanding on SAGA materials of the respective facilitators ineach workshop ended in less understanding of the workshop participants. Various reportedresults of monitoring and evaluation (Monev) activities showed that the institutionalization ofSAGA approach was less optimal and it was reflected by low Monev grade of each observedAIATs.

ANALISIS DAMPAK PENGKAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN UNGGULAN SPESIFIK LOKASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KASUS: BPTP NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR RITA NUR SUHAETI; EDI BASUNO
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 2 Juli 2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Impact Analysis of Improved and Location Specific Agricultural Technologieson Productivity, AIAT East Nusa Tenggara Case. By selecting six topics ofimproved research and assessments (R&A), impact analysis on productivity hadbeen carried out in 2002 fiscal year. However, only four out of six topics wereanalyzed, because the other two were still in adaptive level. Application of introducedtechnologies, in fact, resulted in some additional yield. The highest production andproductivity were experienced by R&A of Backyard Farming System, i.e. 569.63percent, then followed by Milk Fish Culture, Bisma Corn Based Agribusiness, BeefCattle Based Agribusiness 482.10 percent, 284.76 percent and 45.0 percent,respectively. Corn Agribusiness gave the largest impact area of 1,365 ha, while itsimpact on production was also excellent, by adding production of 2,319,308.33kg/planting season. Milkfish culture, on the other hand gave the highest income/haper production cycle. Based on relatively high MBCRs, all analyzed topics werefeasible to be developed in the future. Milkfish culture on brackish water was themost profitable business, reflected by the highest MBCR of 14,08. MBCR figures forBackyard Farming, Beef Cattle Agribusiness and Bisma Corn Agribusiness were1.38, 6.24 and 8.61, respectively. Cost and price ratio of each topics were 0.47; 0.21;0.22 and 0.33 for Backyard Farming System, Bisma Corn Agribusiness, Milk FishCulture and Beef Cattle Agribusiness, respectively. The smallest adoption cost perKg product was indicated by Backyard Farming System (Rp 935.85), followed byBisma Corn Agribusiness (Rp 1,028.30) and Milk Fish Culture (Rp 2181.32), whilethe highest was for Beef Cattle Agribusiness (Rp 9,770.03).

INTEGRASI GENDER DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PESISIR RITA NUR SUHAETI; EDI BASUNO
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 6, No. 1 Februari 2006
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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To implement gender mainstreaming activity in relation to regional development,mainly for coastal development, a study on gender mainstreaming had been carried intwo districts, namely Buton in Southeast Sulawesi and Cirebon in West Java out fromJune to December 2003. Data and information were collected using Focused GroupDiscussion approach as well as village level profiles and monograph. Gender analysisusing Harvard Framework was implemented, covering profiles of participation, access,control and influencing factors. The study results showed that in Buton, labor divisionbetween man and woman in sea weed farming was relatively balanced. Participation rateof the household members, both in domestic, public and social sector in both studiedlocations was relatively similar. The role of Women Empowerment Division of TheAgency for Society Empowerment (ASE) in Cirebon has not been optimal and stilllearning to find out suitable activities to meet its mandates. In Buton District, there was acoordination problem in implementing gender mainstreaming program, because therewere two institutions both claimed responsible in implementing gender mainstreamingprogram. One important thing that has never been conducted in the two districts was tocreate collaboration among institutions responsible for the gender mainstreamingimplementation. In the future, The District Level Marine and Fishery Service Officeshould work in collaboration with the ASE and they have to discuss how to incorporategender aspects in coastal development including in Economic Empowerment for CoastalCommunity.

Factors on Community Investment-Based Small Scale Irrigation Development in Indonesia: Case of West Nusa Tenggara Nur Suhaeti, Rita; Saleh, Amiruddin; Abbas, Akmadi
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTCommunity-based investment for small-scale irrigation (CISI) was one of the opportunities to increase food production, mainly rice, to support food security at household and national levels. Social capital played a crucial role in small irrigation management allowing all water distribution with appropriate criteria, amount and time for all farmers within the irrigation network. Therefore it was necessary to investigate various influencing factors on investment development and financial viability in a small irrigation system. The research used survey method with indepth group discussion. Data were analyzed descriptively. Government’s ignorance and less wise for community self-help and social capital has caused a dependency to Government’s aids. Water User’s Association (WUA) institutional for small irrigation was definitely considered important in managing irrigation water. Social capital was formed and interacted with natural capital and human capital and framed in group social relationships. Leadership providing good exemplary, fair, honest, trustworthy, sincerity and well-being oriented was needed. WUA empowerment was necessary and crucial in order to get more fair irrigation water distribution. The CISI financial feasibility was strongly determined by benefits derived from the irrigation construction such as planted rice acreage increase. The CISI benefits were determined by community’s ability to perform maintenance investment.Keywords: community’s investment-based, small scale irrigation system, social capitalABSTRAKIrigasi skala kecil berbasis investasi masyarakat (IKBIM) merupakan salah satu peluang untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan, terutama beras, untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan di tingkat rumah tangga dan nasional. Modal sosial memainkan peran penting dalam pengelolaan irigasi kecil yang memungkinkan semua distribusi air dengan kriteria, jumlah dan waktu yang tepat untuk semua petani di dalam jaringan irigasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan investasi dan kelayakan finansial dalam sistem irigasi kecil. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan diskusi kelompok secara mendalam. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Ketidaktahuan dan kekurangbijaksanaan pemerintah dan untuk swadaya masyarakat dan modal sosial telah menyebabkan ketergantungan petani pada bantuan Pemerintah. Perhimpunan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A) untuk irigasi kecil memang dianggap penting dalam pengelolaan air irigasi. Modal sosial dibentuk dan berinteraksi dengan modal alam dan modal manusia dan dibingkai dalam hubungan sosial kelompok. Kepemimpinan memberikan teladan, adil, jujur, dapat dipercaya, tulus dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan. Pemberdayaan P3A diperlukan dan penting untuk mendapatkan distribusi air irigasi yang lebih adil. Kelayakan finansial IKBIM sangat ditentukan oleh manfaat yang berasal dari konstruksi irigasi seperti kenaikan areal tanam padi. Manfaat IKBIM ditentukan oleh kemampuan masyarakat untuk melakukan investasi pemeliharaan.Kata kunci: modal berbasis masyarakat, modal sosial, sistem irigasi skala kecil

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