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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal ELS Journal On Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Journal of Applied Studies in Language
Zahratul Idami
IAIN Langsa Aceh
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Speech delay: some possible factors (a research on 3-6 years old children) Meta Keumala; Zahratul Idami
English Vol 5 No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (186.52 KB) | DOI: 10.31940/jasl.v5i1.2429

Abstract

This qualitative research was to describe the language development of children who indicated speech delay and to find out what factors make these children delay in speech. The data were got from a depth-observation of three children indicating speech delay; 4 and 6 years old children of the first writer’s, and a 3 year- old-child of the writer’s friend’s. The observation was done since the children were indicating speech delay until November 2019. Besides, an open-ended interview was also administered with the mother of the youngest subject. The data were analyzed by using the normal pattern of children’s speech development by Blum and Baron (1997) and main possible factors of speech delay as presented by Shetty (2012). This research found that the subjects experienced speech delay at the ages of 1 year. However, the development of speaking started to increase at the age of 3. Some factors that caused the condition to the subjects were maturation delay, developmental expressive aphasia, bilingualism, and social deprivation.
When Acehnese Meets English: An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis of Phonological Interference in Multilingual Learners at IAIN Langsa Dedy Suhery; Zahratul Idami; Israul Husna; Muhd Hamid Raza
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/els-jish.v9i2.50878

Abstract

Multilingualism in Indonesia is a daily reality, with individuals frequently shifting between languages and dialects. At Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Langsa, students in the English Education Department embody this dynamic environment, speaking Acehnese (L1), Bahasa Indonesia (L2), and English (L3). This study investigates how Optimality Theory explains the phonological patterns shaped by multilingual interaction. Data were collected through fieldwork, interviews, and audio recordings of four students, focusing on phonological interference and multilingual dynamics. Findings reveal that language contact strongly influences English pronunciation. The Acehnese phonological system, in particular, affects how learners articulate English sounds. The most consistent interference involves the voiceless alveolar stop /t/, which is aspirated as [tʰ] in word-initial and medial positions but not in final position. Examples include table /ˈteɪ.bəl/ → [ˈtheɪ.bəl], cutie /ˈkjuː.ti/ → [ˈkjuː.thi], and tooth /toːθ/ → [toːθ], with /θ/ often replaced by [t]. These patterns highlight systematic transfer of phonetic features—aspiration, intonation, and accent—from L1 into English. Such interference complicates mastery of English phonology, underscoring the profound role of L1 influence in multilingual speech production and the challenges learners face in aligning with target-language norms.
Co-Authors Dedy Suhery Israul Husna Meta Keumala Muhd Hamid Raza