Shiva Zaheri Birgani
Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman, Khuzestan Province, Iran

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Lost Hope in Hemingway`s A Farewell to Arms: Existentialism Study Mahnaz Soqandi; Shiva Zaheri Birgani
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - July
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/biolae.v2i2.277

Abstract

This research paper attempts to explore the novel, A Farewell to Arms through the lens of Existential approach and it explores the role played by Existentialism in the novel. Hemingway is one of the greatest American writers in the twentieth century. A Farewell to Arms, his most famous anti-war novel. An American volunteer joining Italian army falls in love with a British nurse but their love is destroyed mercilessly by the war. Hemingway expresses his outlooks on the world, on life and on individual in this novel. The world under Hemingway’s pen is a chaotic and irrational world. People living in this world discard traditional values and faith, living a nihilistic and miserable life. Although the world is absurd and life is nihilistic, the protagonist has fighting spirit. He actively participates in life and pursues the meaning of life. He fights courageously against the danger and death in adversity to realize his existential values. These views are in accordance with existentialist philosophy rising in the twentieth century. Existentialism mainly explores human existence, the absurdity of the world and the meaninglessness and purposelessness of life. Meanwhile it greatly emphasizes man’s freedom of choice and action. Living in a chaotic and absurd world, man can never get rid of the sense of nihility. Man has to face it bravely. There is existentialist tendency in A Farewell to Arms, and Hemingway is indeed a writer with existentialist thought.
Wittgenstein’s Concept of Language Games Shiva Zaheri Birgani; Mahnaz Soqandi
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - July
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/biolae.v2i2.280

Abstract

Austrian British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the greatest philosophers in the 20th century. He mostly works in analytic philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention, ethic and religion, aesthetic and culture. Philosophers often create their own vocabularies by giving special meanings to ordinary terms and phrases. Wittgenstein coinages the term of “language games” and the ‘private language argument”. His argument on the language is the rules of the use of ordinary language is neither right nor wrong, neither true nor false, the language is merely useful for the particular applications in which they are applied . Language is defined not as a system of representation but as a system of devices for engaging in various sorts of social activity, hence ‘the meaning of the word is its use in the language.
Concept of Time in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse: Bergsonian Study Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh; Shiva Zaheri Birgani; Narges Raoufzadeh; Viona Sapulette
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 2 No 2 (2021): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v2i2.460

Abstract

Time is an important element in modern literature, has always been one of the most important themes of Virginia Woolf’s novels. The purpose of this paper is to look at Woolf treatment of the movement of time within the conscious mind in the novel in title of To the Light House by Virginia Woolf. One conclusion drawn from this study is that Woolf began to use time as a literary element, thereby decreasing her development of plot and characterization. A second conclusion is that she was greatly influenced by the philosophy of Henri Bergson and that consequently her writing increasingly reflects the fluid movement of time within consciousness. This paper demonstrates that Virginia Woolf used time as a formal element of narrative to show the relationship of time to human consciousness; and she never overlooked the fact that time moves human beings toward death. For Woolf, life is characterized by endless variety and movement. Its exquisite beauty is enhanced by knowing that we humans live short lives and lose everything when we die.