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MELDY L.A. HOSANG
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma Jalan Raya Mapanget, PO Box 1004 Manado 95001
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Hama Baru Tungau Kelapa Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) pada Tanaman Kelapa di Minahasa Utara dan Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara MELDY L.A. HOSANG; A.A. LOLONG; N. LUMENTUT; DIANA NOVIANTI; nFn RAHMA; nFn SALIM
Buletin Palma Vol 14, No 2 (2013): Vol. 14 No. 2, Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v14n2.2013.69-75

Abstract

Tungau kelapa Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang sangat merusak pada tanaman kelapa di India dan Sri Lanka tetapi belum pernah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman kelapa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kerusakan buah kelapa dan tingkat serangan hama pada pertanaman kelapa di lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Kota Bitung, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Fitopatologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma sejak bulan Oktober – Desember 2012. Pada setiap lokasi dipilih secara acak 5-10 tanaman kelapa yang sudah berproduksi dan berumur sekitar 20-40 tahun. Setiap tanaman contoh dipanjat kemudian diamati kerusakan bunga, buah dan produksi tanaman kelapa. Diambil contoh bunga dan buah terserang dan diamati di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hama yang merusak tanaman kelapa di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan Kota Bitung adalah tungau kelapa A. guerreronis. Hama ini pertama kali dilaporkan terjadi ledakan populasi di Desa Winuri, Kecamatan Likupang Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan beberapa desa di Kota Bitung, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Contoh buah asal Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang menunjukkan gejala serangan, ternyata persentase buah yang ditemukan tungau Aceria guerreronis bervariasi antara 50,00 – 87,67% dan di Kota Bitung 45,71 – 89,29%. Kata kunci: Kelapa, hama baru, tungau, Aceria guerreronis.ABSTRACTNew Pest of Coconut Mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Coconut Plantation in North Minahasa and Bitung Regency, North SulawesiCoconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) is one of the most destructive pests of coconut in India and Sri Lanka, but has not previously been reported in coconut palm in Indonesia. The objective of this study were to confirm the previous report by identifying the mite and determining the level of coconut damage in the field. The research was conducted in North Minahasa and Bitung Regencies, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia and in the laboratory of Entomology and Phytopathology, Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute from October to December 2012. At each location 5 to 10 mature palms of 20 to 40 years old were randomly selected. Samples of infested female flowers, and nuts were taken by climbing the palm and the level of damages were estimated in the laboratory. Coconut production of the infested palms were determined by climbing the palm and counting the nuts per bunch. The results confirmed that cocout palm in North Minahasa regency and Bitung City have been infested by coconut mite A. guerreronis. This pest was first reported in the outbreak area at Winuri Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa regency and some villages in Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The percentage of A. guerreronis infestation in the coconuts from North Minahasa and Bitung regencies varied between 50.00 to 87.67% and between 45.71 to 89.29, repectively.
Serangan Hama Penggerek Bunga Batrachedra sp. (Lepidoptera : Batrachedridae) dan Musuh Alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada Tanaman Pinang nFn SALIM; MELDY L.A. HOSANG
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.75-81

Abstract

Pengembangan tanaman pinang mengalami kendala antara lain karena serangan hama yang mengakibatkan kuantitas dan kualitas buah berkurang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan hama Batrachedra sp. dan musuh alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada aksesi Huntu dan Mongkonai. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2012, di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu dan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Fitopatologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk observasi. Jumlah pohon contoh setiap aksesi sebanyak 20 pohon diambil secara acak. Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat serangan hama Batrachedra sp. pada tandan bunga, jumlah larva yang terdapat dalam bunga jantan dan jumlah Ancistrocerus sp. yang berkunjung pada aksesi Huntu dan Mongkonai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan tertinggi terjadi pada aksesi Huntu 61,25% dan terendah Mongkonai 47,15%. Populasi larva terbanyak pada aksesi Huntu, yaitu pada bunga jantan terbuka dan segar dengan rata-rata 9,7 ekor larva per bunga, larva paling sedikit pada bunga jantan yang sudah kering dengan rata-rata 1,8 ekor larva per bunga. Larva tidak ditemukan pada bunga jantan yang belum terbuka. Untuk aksesi Huntu, kunjungan awal musuh alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada minggu ke 3 setelah pecah seludang (SPS), yaitu 0,3 ekor per tandan dan kunjungan terbanyak pada minggu ke 5 SPS dengan jumlah 3,15 ekor per tandan. Mongkonai kunjungan awal terjadi pada minggu ke 2 SPS dengan 0,25 ekor per tandan dan kunjungan terbanyak pada minggu ke 4 SPS dengan jumlah 2,4 ekor per tandan. Kata kunci : Aksesi, pinang, Batrachedra sp., persentase serangan, Ancistrocerus sp.ABSTRACTAttack of Flowers borer Batrachedra sp. (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) and Natural Enemies Ancistrocerus sp. on ArecanutArecanut development have problems such as pest attac wich reduced their quantity and quality. The research intended to determine the percentage of Batrachedra sp. attack and natural enemy Ancistrocerus sp. on Huntu and Mongkonai accessions. The research was conducted from March to August 2012 at the Kayuwatu Experiment garden and Entomology and Phytopathology Laboratories, Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute. Research method was conducted in the form of observation. Number of samples of each accession of 20 trees were taken at random. Parameters to calculate the percentage of Batrachedra sp. attack in the bunches of flowers, the number of larvae in male flowers and the number of visiting predators Ancistrocerus sp. on Huntu and Mongkonai accessions. The results showed highest attack percentage was 61.25 % and found at Huntu accession, while the lowest at Mongkonai accession with 47.15 %. The most larvae population can be found at freshly opened male flowers with an average of 9.7 larvae each flower, while dried male flowers is about 1.8 larvae each flower and there were no larvae in un opened flower. Initial visit of the predator Ancistrocerus sp. at Huntu accession is third week after sheath opened (SPS) with average visit is 0,3 predators each bunch, the highest visiting in fifth week after sheath opened with average visit 3,15 predators each bunch. Initial visit at Mongkonai occured in second week after sheath opened with average visit is 0,25 predator each bunch the highest visit in fourth week after sheath opened with average visit is 2,4 predator each bunch.
Serangan Oryctes rhinoceros pada Kelapa Kopyor di Beberapa Sentra Produksi dan Potensi Metarhizium anisopliae sebagai Musuh Alami nFn SALIM; MELDY L.A. HOSANG
Buletin Palma Vol 14, No 1 (2013): Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v14n1.2013.47-53

Abstract

Penurunan produksi karena serangan hama kumbang Oryctes rhinoceros merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada sentra produksi kelapa kopyor. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan kumbang O. rhinoceros dan musuh alami di daerah pertanaman kelapa kopyor. Pengujian efektivitas musuh alami Metarhizium anisopliae dalam mengendalikan kumbang O. rhinoceros dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma. Survei hama kumbang O. rhinoceros dan musuh alami di lakukan di empat provinsi, yaitu Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Lampung dan Sulawesi Utara, pada tahun 2011 dan 2012. Setiap Provinsi ditentukan 3-4 lokasi. Jumlah pohon contoh pada setiap lokasi sebanyak 20 pohon diambil secara acak. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah guntingan daun karena kumbang O. rhinoceros. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat serangan hama kumbang O. rhinoceros bervariasi pada setiap lokasi. Tingkat serangan di Lampung Selatan (Lampung) bervariasi antara <0,11–0,30 guntingan/pelepah penurunan produksi antara <10%-30%, Sumenep (Jawa Timur) tingkat serangan bervariasi antara 0,39–0,50 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi 1,80-2,84 butir/tandan, Pati, (Jawa Tengah) rata-rata guntingan bervariasi antara 0,39 - 0,61 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi 3,26-4,53 butir/tandan dan untuk Manado, (Sulawesi Utara) tingkat serangan bervariasi antara 0,14–2,22 guntingan/pelepah dengan rata-rata produksi antara 3,94–7,58 butir/tandan. Musuh alami M. anisopliae menyebabkan mortalitas 100% pada Larva O. rhinoceros instar 1 (L1), larva instar 2 (L2) dan larva instar 3 (L3) di laboratorium. Kata kunci: Kelapa kopyor, Oryctes rhinoceros, Metarhizium anisopliae.ABSTRACTAttacks intencity of Oryctes rhinoceros in Several Kopyor Production Center and Metarhizium anisopliae as a Potential Natural Enemies in LaboratoryThe problems of kopyor coconut cultivation are declining of production that caused by Oryctes rhinoceros beetle destroy. The research was conducted to determine the level of destroy caused by O. rhinoceros beetle and natural enemies in the kopyor crop. Effectiveness testing of natural enemies Metarhizium anisopliae in controlling O. rhinoceros beetle was carried out in the Laboratory. Survey of O. rhinoceros beetle and natural enemies was conducted in four Provinces of Central Java, East Java, Lampung, and North Sulawesi in 2011 and 2012. Each Province was determined 3 - 4 locations. Number of palm samples of each location was 20 palms selected randomly. Observation was conducted against a number of leaf cutting by O. rhinoceros beetle. The results showed that the level of O. rhinoceros beetle destroy variedat each location. It was from < 0,11 to 0.30 cut/ frond with declining of nut production varied from < 10% to 30% in South Lampung (Lampung). In Sumenep (East Java) palm leaf damaged varied from 0,39 to 0,5 cuts/frond with declining of nut production varied from 1,80 to 2,84 nuts/bunch. In Pati (Central Java) palm leaf damage varied from 0,39 to 0,61 cuts/frond with declining of nut production 3,26 to 4,53 nuts/bunch. In Manado (North Sulawesi) palm leaf damage varied from 0,14 to 2,22 cuts/frond with declining of nut production varied from 3,94 to 7,58 nuts/bunch. Test for natural enemies M. anisopliae, caused mortality of O. rhinoceros1st instar larvae (L1), 2nd instar larvae (L2) and 3rd instar larvae (L3) upto 100% in laboratory.
Co-Authors A.A. LOLONG DIANA NOVIANTI N. LUMENTUT nFn RAHMA nFn SALIM