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USING ERROR ANALYSIS IN TEACHING WRITING CLASS Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan Vol 11 No 02 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Abstrak. Membuat kesalahan adalah bagian dari proses belajar (Brown, 1980:164). Demikian juga dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa kedua, Jain (1969:189) mengatakan bahwa kesadaran adanya kesalahan pembelajar bahasa kedua adalah sangat penting untuk pemahaman proses pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Berkaitan dengan kesalahan dalam belajar bahasa, teori analisis kesalahan (error analysis) muncul. Analisis kesalahan digunakan untuk mengetahui proses pemerolehanÂ danÂ penguasaan bahasa. Artikel ini membahas penggunaan analisis kesalahanÂ dalam pengajaran ketrampilan bahasa khususnya menulis (writing). Materi mata kuliah ini berkaitan dengan pengembangan paragraf. Analisis kesalahan dalam pengajaran menulis meliputi grammar (tata bahasa) dan teori pengembangan paragraf. Penggunaan analisis kesalahan dalam pengajaran menulis ini sangat menguntungkan baik bagi mahasiswa maupun pengajar.Â Kata kunci: error analysis, grammar, errors, mistakes, lapses

TEORI TRANSFER DAN TEORI INTERFERENSI DALAM PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA KEDUA ATAU BAHASA TARGET Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan Vol 12 No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Abstract. The Prosess of transfer and interference will always follow the second language acquisition. This happens especially at the beginning of acquisition process. Transfer and interference relate to the influence of the first or previous language to the second or target language. Transfer is divided into positive and negative transfer. Positive transfer will happen it there are similarities between the first and the second language. This first will support the process of the second language acquisition. On the other wny around if there are differences between the structure of the first language and the structure of the second one, the negative transfer will happen. This kind of transfer is called interference. Interference will interfere or not support the process of the second language acquisition.Â Key words: Tranfer, interference, the second language acquisition

ALAN'S SCHIZOPHRENIA IN PETER SHAFFER'S EQUUS Risma Septia Wardani; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol 1 No 2 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

This article is about Alan's schizophrenia in Peter Shaffer's play Equus. Schizophrenia is a kind of mental disorder. The symptoms of Alan's schizophrenia as well as its causes are analyzed and it is related to theory of Freud's psychoanalysis. The research method is descriptive qualitative research method. By using descriptive qualitative research method, the data are processed qualitatively and explained descriptively to answer the research problem statements. The answer of the first problem statement is about the symptoms of Alan's schizophrenia and its causes exposed in the play. The symptoms are delusion and hallucination. Dr. Dysart, as a psychiatrist tries to find out why Alan always adores horse, and he is surprised when one night he blinds six horses with a spike when he has a date with a girl named Jill. He shows some symptoms of schizophrenia like delusion and hallucination through his actions and misinterpretation of a horse. Dysart uses some methods during the treatment to help him cover the things such as hypnosis and give drugs. The answer of the second problem statement shows how Alan's schizophrenia is seen from Freud's psychoanalysis theory Alan' actions and behaviors show that they are influenced by id, ego, and superego.

Women's Struggle against Patriarchy: An Analysis of Radical Feminism Through Nadia Hashimi's A House Without Windows Naily Syiva Fauzia; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol 2 No 1 (2019): July
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Under twenty years of war, women in Afghanistan suffer from oppressive situations and rules resulting in inequality and injustice. Afghanistan women face difficulties at all levels of Afghanistan patriarchal society. Male domination is the root cause of damaging to womenâ€™s rights in Afghanistan that brings impact to inferiority of Afghanistan women. Using radical feminism by Kate Millet, this paper tries to describe the struggle of Afghanistan women in gaining opportunities to move forward in their society. The analysis is focused on the female characters who deal with problem solving to their unfair condition such as Zeba, Gulnaz, Latifa, , Mezghan, Bibi Shireen, the wife of judge Najeeb, Sitara, Meena, and Aneesa. They begin to build self-consciousness, to demand autonomy in decision making, to declare resistance to be controlled by the men, and to get their basic rights such as the right to speak, the right to get education, and the right to work to earn money. The strong self-awareness and determination as reflected from the female characters are the womenâ€™s primary step to get rid of male domination and to proceed in their lives as well as in their society. Through this literary evidence, radical feminism emphasizes that womenâ€™s efforts to protect their rights means approval that inequality and lack of opportunities for women still happen

THREE CRITICAL APPROACHES IN LITERARY CRITICISM: AN EXAMPLE ANALYSIS ON MATTHEW ARNOLD’S DOVER BEACH Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol 2 No 2 (2019): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

To approach a work of literature can be done in different ways. Some approaches can be used to analyze a literary work, such as psychological, historical, sociological, etc. To analyze one literary work, more than one approach can be applied. This article is an example of analyzing a poem, Mattew Arnold's Dover Beach from three different critical positions, the formalist, the sociological, and psychoanalytical. The formalist critics view work as a timeless aesthetic object. We may find whatever we wish in the work as long as what we find is in the work itself The sociological critic views that to understand Arnold’s ‘Dover Beach’, we must know something about the major intellectual social current of Victorian England and how Arnold responded to them. All psychoanalytic critics assume that the development of the psyche in humans is analogous to the development of the physique. ‘Dover Beach’ is richly suggestive of the fundamental psychic dilemma of man in civilization.

MRS. WELLINGTON'S ANXIETY IN GITTY DANESHVARI'S SCHOOL OF FEAR: THE FINAL EXAM Novia Lestari Suwoto; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Anaphora : Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Prodi sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/anaphora.v4i2.5578

This study is entitled Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety reflected in Gitty Daneshvari’s School of Fear: The Final Exam. This study aims at describing the symptoms, the causes, and the effects of anxiety which is suffered by Mrs. Wellington. This study applies psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud to analyze Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety. The symptoms of anxiety that is suffered by Mrs. Wellington are such as feeling anxious, being unable to think about anything but something that makes her anxious, and experiencing trembling, melancholy, and the deepest sadness. There are some causes of Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety. First, Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety is caused by her stepson, Abernathy, who hates her since he suffers from novercaphobia or well-known as fear of stepmother. The second cause is Sylvie Montgomery, the nosy reporter who always uses her nose to get information or disgraceful secret of Mrs. Wellington and all her students to make an article in order to win the Snoopulitzer, a contest for reporter in Summerstone. The effects of Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety are very complete. She feels the behavioral effect, the emotional effect, and the cognitive effect of her anxiety. It can be seen from her negative feeling because something in her past, she experiences trouble of concentrating, and she feels afraid every time she thinks about her fears. Mrs. Wellington’s anxiety is categorized of neurotic anxiety. Neurotic anxiety comes from id which is in the form of unconscious feeling so she often loses her emotion such as being sad, angry, panic, and so on. From the analysis, it can be concluded that Mrs. Wellington suffers from anxiety because her uncontrollable emotion: being anxious and being worried. Her stepson and Sylvie, the reporter, become the causes of her anxiety. She also feels the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects. Mrs. Wellington suffers from a type of neurotic anxiety as reflected in its symptoms, causes, and effects.

Racial Discrimination in Ta-Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me Angger Cahya Ardinang; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Proceeding of Undergraduate Conference on Literature, Linguistic, and Cultural Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): PROCEEDING RESEARCH ON LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, AND CULTURAL STUDIES
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/uncollcs.v2i1.2469

This study is about racial discrimination in Ta-Nehesi Coates’s Between the World and Me. The objective of this study is to describe the types and effects of racial discrimination experienced by Ta-Nehesi Coates’s and black people in the novel. Descriptive qualitative method is used as the research method. This study uses an sociology approach. To analyze racial discrimination, the writer uses Fred L. Pincus theory. Chen and Mallory's theory of the impact of racial discrimination is used to analyze the impact experienced by Coates and black people. There are two types of racial discrimination that occur, namely individual and institutional discrimination. Individual discrimination includes racial prejudice and acts of violence, while institutional discrimination occurs in the fields of education and law. Meanwhile, there are two types of impact on Ta-Nehesi Coates’s and black people as victims of racial discrimination. The first is the impact on mental health, Coates feels fear, anger and anxiety. The second is the impact on physical health, in the novel it is only mentioned that the racial discrimination experience by Coates resulted in dizziness and vertigo. In the novel, it is found that individual and institutional forms of racial discrimination can have an impact on mental and physical health.

Theo's Ambitions in The Case of Gabriel’s Murder in Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient Daniel Gracia Maliangkay; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Proceeding of Undergraduate Conference on Literature, Linguistic, and Cultural Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): PROCEEDING RESEARCH ON LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, AND CULTURAL STUDIES
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/uncollcs.v2i1.2503

This study discusses Theo Faber's ambitions in the Gabriel’s murder case in Alex Michaelides' The Silent Patient. This study aims to describe Theo's ambitions and the triggers of Theo's ambitions. This study uses the novel, The Silent Patient as the source of data. In answering the problems raised in this study, the writer uses a psychological approach and Ludwig Klages' psychological theory of personality. The approach and theory serve as a guide to analyze the data and reveal the phenomenons of ambitions in the novel. The extrinsic approach used is psychological approach, because the research discusses the psychological side of the characters. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study show that there are two ambitions that arise in Theo's character, to know Alicia's personality and to help Alicia deal with her case. Theo is very interested in Alicia's personality and he pays attention and finds out how Alicia's personality is. Theo, who is responsible for Alicia, wants to help Alicia, so she can talk and solve her case. There are two triggers for Theo's ambitions, feeling guilty and being a psychotherapist. Theo's feelings of guilt towards Alicia appears because of his actions in the past triggers his ambitions to take care of Alicia. Because Theo is a psychotherapist, he is very self-confident, and his work triggers his ambitions for Alicia. Even though many things have happened to Theo's ambitions, Theo still struggles to achieve his ambitions. Theo proves that he has a high desire and motivation to achieve his goal of ambitions. Theo is finally able to achieve his ambitions, which is to help Alicia to want to be willing to speak up.

Dysfunctional Family in Rainbow Rowell’s Fangirl Dianisa Cintami Ananditha; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Proceeding of Undergraduate Conference on Literature, Linguistic, and Cultural Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): PROCEEDING RESEARCH ON LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, AND CULTURAL STUDIES
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/uncollcs.v2i1.2527

This study is about Dysfunctional Family in Rainbow Rowell's Fangirl. This study applies the qualitative research design meanwhile the approach used is sociological approach. Two problems will be discussed in this study, namely signs of dysfunctional family and types of dysfunctional family. The data source is Fangirl by Rainbow Rowel. The novel is about Avery family who is characterized by a range of dysfunctional dynamics that impact each member of the family. From the analysis above, it can be concluded that analysis of this study consist two, which are the sign of dysfunctional family in Avery family potrayed by emotional abuse, neglect, blaming, hostility, conflict ,bad communication, and role reversal. The types of dysfunctional family in the Avery family can be characterized as having a chaotic family type, pathological family type, chronic conflict family type.

Pi’s Anxiety in Yann Martel’s Life of Pi Feni Asniar; Anik Cahyaning Rahayu
Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Austronesian: Journal of Language Science & Literature
Publisher : CV Wahana Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59011/austronesian.3.2.2024.61-74

This research aims to describe the symptoms, causes, effects, and types of Pi’s anxiety. The approach used in this study is the extrinsic approach, in this case, the psychological approach, because anxiety is one of the psychological problems. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is used to analyze Pi’s anxiety. This research uses a qualitative research method. The qualitative method collects the necessary data from the novel to achieve the research objective and references relating to the topic to support the analysis. Symptoms of anxiety experienced by Pi are feeling anxious, being unable to think of anything except something that makes him anxious, and experiencing the deepest tremors, pain, and sadness. There are several reasons for Pi’s anxiety. The first is a ship accident caused by a big storm that hits the ship he travels with his family. The second cause is meeting a tiger. The third cause is worrying about his safety. The conclusion is that Pi suffers from anxiety because of his uncontrollable emotions and worry. Sinking ship, encountering tigers, and becoming worried about his safety are the causes of his anxiety. He also feels behavioural, emotional, and cognitive effects. Pi suffers from a neurotic and objective type of anxiety reflected in its symptoms, causes, and effects.

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