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Ichsan Zulkarnaen
Ministry of National Development Planning
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Assessing the Impacts of Political and Economic Openness on GDP Growth: Case of Asian Countries Ichsan Zulkarnaen
Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Ministry of National Development Planning Republic of Indonesia/Bappenas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1643.618 KB) | DOI: 10.36574/jpp.v1i2.13

Abstract

The economic performance of a nation is measured in the gross domestic product (GDP). Over the last two decades, the rising of economic development in EastAsian accompanies openness in economic and political environment more than ever before. This paper seeks to figure out the pattern of how economic openness and political openness of Asian countries influence GDP growth by using panel method. We treat the GDP growth as the dependent variable and political rights, civil rights, trade liberalization, foreign direct investment as independent variables. I draw time-series data for 11 Asian countries: China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh from 1984 to 2011 using Freedom House, World Bank and United Nations Commission for Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Results, even though imperfect, show that high levels of political openness and economic openness indeed improve the economic development of China and Indonesia.
Socio-Political And Economic Determinants Of Income Inequality In Indonesia Ichsan Zulkarnaen
Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning Vol. 1 No. 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Ministry of National Development Planning Republic of Indonesia/Bappenas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (801.888 KB) | DOI: 10.36574/jpp.v1i3.21

Abstract

Income inequality in Indonesia has rapidly enlarged in recent years. This paper aims to examine the causes of highly persistent income inequality in Indonesia. Incontrast to other previous studies that investigated income inequality focusing only on economic factors, this paper also looks at social and political elements. Using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, I found that democracy has no significant impact on income inequality. In addition, the study found a significant relationship between government spending and income inequality. In addition, I also found evidence that foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have an impact to improve income inequality in Indonesia. There are several relevant policy conclusions that can be drawn from this study.
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