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Watershed Management in Indonesia: A Regulation, Institution, and Policy Review Andi Setyo Pambudi
Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): August 2019
Publisher : Ministry of National Development Planning Republic of Indonesia/Bappenas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1101.202 KB) | DOI: 10.36574/jpp.v3i2.74

Abstract

Watershed Management as part of regional development in Indonesia is facing various complex and interrelated issues. It is indicated by the lack of integration among sectors, agencies, regions and community participation. The increasing frequency of floods, droughts, landslides, and water crisis problems recently shows that watershed management in Indonesia has not been effective yet in enhancing sustainable development. Furthermore, the damage of watersheds is commonly observed from the upstreams only, such as the addition of cultivated land area and massive settlement, so that erosion and sedimentation affect the declining productivity of land and the increasing frequency of water-related disasters. If watersheds are defined as a container of water cycle, then solving its problem by simply rehabilitating the upstreams is not completely right. Government policies on watersheds management need to be reviewed from its initial aspects of science as well, including existing regulations and institutions, so that the contribution and linkage among sectors could be visible. The concept of Integrated Watersheds Management is basically participatory management of multi-stakeholders in conservations and utilization through an ecological concept of interdependency between nature and human beings. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of watershed management policies in Indonesia in the context of history, regulation, institutions, and policy implementation.
Water Price Calculations in Concept Of Environmental Service: A Case in Cimanuk Watershed Andi Setyo Pambudi
Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning Vol. 3 No. 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Ministry of National Development Planning Republic of Indonesia/Bappenas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36574/jpp.v3i3.84

Abstract

Cimanuk Watershed is one of the important water sources in West Java Province. The damage that occurred in Cimanuk watershed affected the sustainability of water supply in West Java. The administrative area of ​​Cimanuk watershed extends to 4 regencies, namely Garut Regency, Sumedang Regency, Majalengka Regency, and Indramayu Regency. The Cimanuk River itself has a length of ± 338 km which can supply water needs of 2.2 billion m3 every year with the main utilization for irrigation in agricultural areas. Forest areas in the upper Cimanuk watershed affect the continuity of the hydrological, erosion and sedimentation process. Changes in the upstream area in terms of land use and forest exploitation that do not consider environmental aspects can damage the entire watershed ecosystem, causing fluctuations in water flow, sediment transport, and material dissolved in the water flow system. Given the reciprocal relationship in the concept of watershed management, the implementation of the Payment Environmental Services or PES mechanism is important, where water is one of components that deserves be consideration. The economic valuation of water quantified as water prices is also a fundamental reason for the importance of PES studies. Water prices based on scientific calculations, both qualitative and quantitative, determine the "feasibility value" that will be given from the downstream community upstream as conservation actors to support the concept of fair environmental services. Quantitative analysis is carried out in the form of valuations involving several methods, namely the Contingent Valuation Method, Value of Marginal Product Water, and Full Cost Pricing. The price of water can be used as an indicator of the cost of forest environmental services as a water provider as well as improving market mechanisms. This paper concludes the mechanism of payment for environmental services (PES) through water pricing policies can be an alternative source of funding to improve the condition of a watershed