Duna Penn
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Enteral Vs. Parenteral Nutrition: Advantages and Disadvantages Duna Penn
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 36 No 5-6 (1996): May - June 1996
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi36.5-6.1996.91-7

Abstract

The goal of nutritional support is to maintain or replete lean body mass, to support host defense mechanisms, to avoid specific nutritional deficiencies, and in gen­eral to improve clinical outcome in a malnourished patient or in at risk to develop mal- nourishment. Nutritional support can be instituted by enteral or parenteral route; each has its advantages and disadvantages. Which mode of delivery is chosen much depends on the clinical condiron of the patient. In general enteral route is preferred, since it is more physiological; however, in certain condition where enteral route is either impossible or dangerous, parenteral nutrition can be used as an alternative which might be life sav­ing. The advantages and disadvantages of nutritional support delivery is discussed briefly and comprehensively.The goal of nutritional support is to maintain or replete lean body mass, to support host defense mechanisms, to avoid specific nutritional deficiencies, and in gen­eral to improve clinical outcome in a malnourished patient or in at risk to develop mal- nourishment. Nutritional support can be instituted by enteral or parenteral route; each has its advantages and disadvantages. Which mode of delivery is chosen much depends on the clinical condiron of the patient. In general enteral route is preferred, since it is more physiological; however, in certain condition where enteral route is either impossible or dangerous, parenteral nutrition can be used as an alternative which might be life sav­ing. The advantages and disadvantages of nutritional support delivery is discussed briefly and comprehensively.
Total Parenteral Nutrition: The Long and The Short of It Duna Penn
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 36 No 11-12 (1996): November - December 1996
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi36.11-12.1996.221-7

Abstract

Within 30 years of Harvey's discovery of the circulatory system, attempts were made to utilize intravenous routes for nutrient administration.1 In 1656, Sir Christopher Wren infused wine into the veins of dogs via goose quills attached to a pig's bladder. Over the ensuing years, salt and sugar solutions, milk, olive oil, egg whites, and in later times, protein hydrolysates were tried with varying degrees of success. However, it was not until the 20th century that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) began to be viewed as a realistic therapeutic modality, stimulated by Wilmore and Dudrick's report of normal growth in a young infant with extensive intestinal atresia who was successfully main­tained on intravenous nutrition for over 6 weeks.2 Since then, there have been many advances and refinements, including the development of specialized crystalline amino acid solutions and lipid emulsions. Further investigation is currently underway to determine the effect of "medical foods", i.e., specialized nutrients targeted for specific purposes, e.g., glutamine for immunomodulation and intestinal mucosal preserva­tion.3,4
The Nutrition Support Team Duna Penn
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 37 No 1-2 (1997): January - February 1997
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi37.1-2.1997.1-5

Abstract

The development of nutrition support teams in the United States was stimulated in the 1970's and 80’s by reports concerning the prevalence and consequences of malnutrition among hospitalized patients. Butterworth's provocative paper, "The skeleton in the hospital closet"1 was followed by several nutrition surveys of relatively large numbers of in-hospital patients that documented abnormal anthropometric and laboratory measurements indicating suspected malnutrition in 44-58% of adult medical'11 and surgical patients. '1 Up to a third of non-neonatal pediatric patients were found to have evidence of malnutrition in 2 major studies."'7 This malnutrition was associated with longer hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality.2“9 Of particular significance was the reported deterioration of nutritional status with prolonged (> 14 days) hospital stay. In one study," nutritional parameters worsened in over 75% of patients who had been admitted with normal values. While it was clear that malnutrition was in part due to underlying disease, it was also clear that it was in part iatrogenic (Table 1).