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Specific Leaf Area, Jumlah Trikomata dan Kandungan Kalium Daun Semai Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Pada Kandungan Air Tanah Berbeda Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 2, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The existence of global warming caused the climate change such as the occurrence of long dry seasonsassociated with ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The climatologists predict these events will occur more oftenin the future. Cocoa plants require a relatively uniform distribution of rainfall in the year without a long dry season.The existence of drought stress can affect the rate of decline in the growth and development such as leaf expansionrate and decreased availability of nutrients in the root zone. This study aims to determine changes in specific leafarea (SLA), the number trichomes and K + content of leaves of cocoa seedlings at different soil water content. Thisstudy uses 36 cacao plants with 12-month-old were grown for two months on medium soil with soil water content of75%, 50% and 25%. Parameters observed are the SLA, the number trikomata and K+ content of leaves. The resultsshowed the age of 12 months of cocoa seedlings planted on different soil water content showed differences in SLA,trichomes and K+ content of leaves. The seedling grown optimum when planted on soil water content of 75%,whereas in 50% soil water content began to decline in growth with decreasing SLA and without leaves trichomes.The development and growth of seedlings declined sharply if planted in soil water content of 25%.

Kandungan Klorofil Dan Pertumbuhan Semai Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Pada Perlakuan Cekaman Kekeringan Yang Berbeda Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 12, No. 2, Tahun 2010
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Drought stress will result in decreasing the rate of water absorption by plant roots. This decrease will result indisturbances in plant growth, especially in a growing network includes the addition of Growth in dry mass, volume,length or area of cells resulting from the interaction of processes in plants through photosynthesis, respiration,transport, water relations and nutrient balance. Morphological and physiological responses of plants against stressand patterns of plant adaptation to different environments is very important especially for the purposes of cultivationand the prediction of the properties of responsive plant tersebut. Purpose of this research is to examine changes incontent klorofil a and b, and growth (number of leaves and plant height ) cocoa seedling age of 12 months atdifferent water stress.The study was conducted in the village of Plana Banyumas, Central Java Province, which lasted from January2007 to June 2008. Cacao tree used was 12 months in which the cocoa beans used for seeding of hybrid clonesderived from cocoa pods from the village of O, o Kulawi Donggala District of Central Sulawesi. Cocoa seedlingswere given three treatments of water stress that soil water content 75%, 50% and 25%. Observations of variablechlorophyll a and b,number of leaves and plant height after one month and two months of stress.The results showed drought effect on leaf chlorophyll content of seedlings of cocoa, where the plants grown on soilwater content of 50% have chlorophyll a and b are lower than those grown on soil water content 75%. The growth ofcocoa seedlings are best when planted with soil water content 75%, because the soil moisture content of 50% and25% of the number of leaves and plant height decreased

Pertumbuhan Semai Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L. ) Asal Biji Dan Stek Yang Ditanam Pada Jenis Tanah Berbeda Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 1, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The successful of the growth of Jatropha curcas L. in seed yield is affected when the nursery, such as howthe provision of seedlings and the media used. Jatropha propagation is generally done through vegetativepropagation (cuttings) and reproductive (seed).. Several efforts to maximize the quality of seedlings of which is withthe selection of appropriate planting medium, as in the choice of soil. This study aims to assess the growth ofjatropha seedlings from seeds and cuttings in different soil types. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Plant TestBogor Agricultural University, in February - July 2006. Jatropha seedlings used a month old from seed and cuttingsfrom parent trees were 8 years old. The growing medium used in the form of latosol and podzolic soil. Observationof growth after two months of maintenance performed by observing the plant wet weight, leaf number and length ofseedling roots.The results showed the growth of jatropha seedlings influenced by seedling origin and type of soil. Jatrophaseedlings from seeds or cuttings are planted in latosol or atosol increased wet weight, root length and number ofleaves for two months of the nursery. The best growth from seeds of jatropha seedlings when planted in soil latosol,while seedlings from cuttings better if planted in soil podzolic.

Perubahan Struktur Pembuluh Xilem Akar Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dan Gliricidia sepium pada Cekaman Kekeringan Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 12, No. 1, Tahun 2010
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Supply of water into leaves depends on the existence of water in xylem. Root system of plants will be affectedfirst if the plants exposed to stress of water shortage. The structure of xylem vessels is an important factor indetermining the presence of embolism induced by drought and varies from one type to another. Research on cocoaagroforestry tree Gliricidia sepium is used as cover crops. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in thestructure of xylem vessels including area ratio, diameter and hole diameter of cacao root xylem vessels and G.Sepium in drought conditions.Drought stress on the cacao tree and G.sepium performed using EFT systems (throughfall displacementexperiment), which runs from February 2007 - February 2008. Cacao tree used in this study was 5 years old, while6-year-old G.sepium tree. Location of the experiment were divided into six plots comprising three control plots andthree plots roofing. Each plot was taken six and three cacao trees G.sepium tree, where each tree root system wastaken three pieces with diameters of 3-5 mm at 20 cm soil depth.Research results showed that drought stress during 13 months did not affect xylem area ratio, diameter ofxylem cells and xylem vessels, root diameter hole and G.sepium cocoa. However, structural information can beobtained from the root xylem of cocoa have a cell - more xylem cells and pore holes smaller than the root G.sepium.This is shown by the average ratio of the area with an overall area of the root xylem (k) on cocoa roots are Â± 0.70while in the root G.sepium Â± 0.49. Average diameter of the root xylem cells cocoa Â± 1 Î¼ in diameter, length 50-10Î¼m Â± vessels and vessel diameter hole Â± 0.25 Î¼. Meanwhile root xylem cells G.sepium shows average diameter ofthe root xylem cells is 1-3 Î¼, Â± 15-25 Î¼ long vessels and vessels holes Â± 0.5 Î¼ rang

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