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All Journal KALPATARU Kalpataru
Agustijanto Indradjaja
Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

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Gaya Seni Arca Masa Kᾱḍiri: Studi Terhadap Arca Candi Gurah dan Candi Tondowongso Sukawati Susetyo; Ashar Murdihastomo; Agustijanto Indradjaja; Dimas Nugroho
KALPATARU Vol. 30 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/kpt.v30i1.804

Abstract

In the archaeology Hindu-Buddhist era in Indonesia, there are several known art styles temple building architecture and statue art: Early Classical Era and Late Classical Era. In more detail, that several eras can be described that Early Classical Era developed during the Old Mātaram era with the center of its reign at Central Java, and Late Classical Era Style developed during Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit with the center of its reign at East Java. Late Classical Era Style divided into two subs, Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit. Kāḍiri as an early dynasty in East Java not yet known clearly what the special characteristic style of its temple is building architecture and its statue art, and only been told that the Kāḍiri Era Style is the connecting line between Early Classical Era Style and Late Classical Era. This essay intends to find out special characteristics of the Kāḍiri Era Style (transition art style). For this reason, the research was carried out on statues comes from Gurah Temple and Tondowongso Temple, both temples knew the date, with relative dating method or absolute dating method. From this iconographic research in detail will describe parts of the statues, from then will obtain several features that always appear, and that’s characteristics are considered as a strong characteristic from statues from Kāḍiri Era Style.
AWAL PENGARUH HINDU BUDDHA DI NUSANTARA Agustijanto Indradjaja; Endang Sri Hardiati
KALPATARU Vol. 23 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

So far discussions about early Hindu-Buddhist influence in the Indonesian Archipelago (Nusantara) have always been started at around 5th Century AD, which is characterized by the presence of the kingdoms of Kutai and Tarumanagara in the archipelago, while the earlier period is barely noticed although the period between early and 5th century AD is a crucial period for the emergence of Hindu- Buddhist kingdoms in the archipelago. Research on the early period in history is intended to reveal the socio-economic dynamics among the communities in the Indonesian Archipelago so that they could accept and absorb elements of foreign (Indian) culture that ultimately gave rise to a number of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in the archipelago. The study collected data through surveys and excavation, and the methods of analyses used are typological and contextual analyses, as well as C-14 analyses on some finds that are expected reveal the conditions of the communities in the Indonesian Archipelago in the past. The results of this study are identification of a number of archaeological remains like remains of house poles, boat, ceramics, pottery, beads, metal tools, and several graves dating from the early period. The remains can be used to reconstruct the socio-economic condition of the archipelago and its role in the international world in Southeast Asia region Berbicara tentang awal pengaruh Hindu Buddha di Nusantara sejauh ini selalu dimulai pada sekitar abad ke-5 M. yang ditandai oleh kehadiran kerajaan Kutai dan Tarumanagara di Nusantara dan masih sedikit perhatian terhadap periode sebelum itu. Padahal periode awal sampai dengan abad ke-5 M. adalah periode krusial bagi munculnya kerajaan yang bercorak Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara. Penelitian terhadap periode awal sejarah dimaksudkan untuk mengungkapkan dinamika sosial ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat Nusantara sehingga mampu menerima dan menyerap unsur-unsur budaya asing (India) yang pada puncaknya memunculkan sejumlah kerajaan bersifat Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah metode analisis tipologis dan kontekstual serta beberapa analisis C-14 atas temuan diharapkan dapat menjelaskan kondisi masyarakat Nusantara pada masa lalu. Hasil penelitian ini dapat mengidentifikasikan sejumlah tinggalan arkeologi seperti sisa tiang rumah, sisa perahu, keramik, tembikar, manik-manik, alat logam, dan sejumlah kubur yang diidentifikasi berasal dari periode awal sejarah. Berdasarkan tinggalan tersebut dapat direkonstruksi kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Nusantara dan peranannya di dunia internasional di Kawasan Asia Tenggara.
DERMAGA KUNA DI SITUS KOTA KAPUR DAN ANALISIS PERTANGGALAN ABSOLUT Agustijanto Indradjaja; Darwin A. Siregar
KALPATARU Vol. 25 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Archaeological research at the Kota Kapur site is not as intensive as research on Sriwijaya Palembang, but this site can’t be separated from the kingdom of Sriwijaya. The research tried to see ancient port as part of a settlement on the site of Kota Kapur. This study focused on the remaining pillars to search for its absolute dating. Therefore, descriptive analysis and carbon dating (C-14) methods were used to answer the research problems. The results showed that the absolute dating of ancient port were similar with other archaeological data obtained from previous research. It confirms that the port is part of the settlement units in Kota Kapur site at 6th or 7th century AD. Penelitian arkeologi di situs Kota Kapur memang tidak seintensif penelitian tentang Sriwijaya di Palembang, namun situs Kota Kapur tidak bisa dipisahkan dari Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Penelitian kali ini mencoba melihat aspek dermaga kuna sebagai bagian dari tapak permukiman di situs Kota Kapur. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada data sisa tiang dermaga dan upaya mencari pertanggalan absolutnya. Oleh karena itu, metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis carbon dating (C-14) digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggalan mutlak sisa dermaga memiliki kesesuaian dengan sejumlah data arkeologi lainnya yang diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa dermaga tersebut merupakan bagian dari unit permukiman Kota Kapur pada sekitar abad ke-6 atau 7 M.
GAYA SENI ARCA MASA KᾹḌIRI: STUDI TERHADAP ARCA CANDI GURAH DAN CANDI TONDOWONGSO Sukawati Susetyo; Ashar Murdihastomo; Agustijanto Indradjaja; Dimas Nugroho
KALPATARU Vol. 30 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

In the archaeology Hindu-Buddhist era in Indonesia, there are several known art styles temple building architecture and statue art: Early Classical Era and Late Classical Era. In more detail, that several eras can be described that Early Classical Era developed during the Old Mātaram era with the center of its reign at Central Java, and Late Classical Era Style developed during Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit with the center of its reign at East Java. Late Classical Era Style divided into two subs, Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri and Majapahit. Kāḍiri as an early dynasty in East Java not yet known clearly what the special characteristic style of its temple is building architecture and its statue art, and only been told that the Kāḍiri Era Style is the connecting line between Early Classical Era Style and Late Classical Era. This essay intends to find out special characteristics of the Kāḍiri Era Style (transition art style). For this reason, the research was carried out on statues comes from Gurah Temple and Tondowongso Temple, both temples knew the date, with relative dating method or absolute dating method. From this iconographic research in detail will describe parts of the statues, from then will obtain several features that always appear, and that’s characteristics are considered as a strong characteristic from statues from Kāḍiri Era Style. Dalam arkeologi masa Hindu Buddha di Indonesia, dikenal gaya seni arsitektur bangunan candi dan seni arca masa Klasik Tua dan Klasik Muda. Dapat dijabarkan secara lebih rinci bahwa seni Klasik Tua berkembang pada masa Mātaram Kuna dengan pusat pemerintahan di Jawa bagian Tengah, sedangkan Seni Klasik Muda berkembang pada masa Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri dan Majapahit dengan pusat pemerintahan di Jawa Timur. Seni Klasik Muda terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu Kāḍiri/Siŋhasāri dan Majapahit. Kāḍiri sebagai suatu dinasti awal di Jawa Timur belum diketahui secara jelas apa saja ciri-ciri khusus, seni bangun candi maupun seni arca, dan hanya dikatakan bahwa gaya seni masa Kāḍiri adalah benang merah yang menghubungkan antara gaya seni Klasik Tua dengan gaya seni Klasik Muda. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui ciri-ciri khusus arca-arca masa Kāḍiri (gaya seni peralihan). Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap arca-arca yang berasal dari Candi Gurah dan Candi Tondowongso. Kedua candi tersebut sudah diketahui pertanggalannya, baik secara relatif maupun absolut, yaitu dari masa Kāḍiri. Melalui penelitian ikonografi secara mendetil terhadap bagian-bagian arca didapatkan beberapa ciri yang selalu muncul, dan ciri tersebut dianggap sebagai ciri kuat arca-arca masa Kāḍiri.