Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Joko Sujono
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science

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Evaluation of Reservoir Capacity and Reliability for Urban Water Utilization in Dili, Timor Leste Aderita Mariana Takeleb; Joko Sujono; Rachmad Jayadi
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 2 (May 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.58538

Abstract

The ability to store and distribute water resources is very significant to human activities. Therefore, high importance is placed on the sector to address any adverse impact in the event of major shortfall, particularly in Dili, Timor Leste. A study on the development of effective water resource management mechanisms has been conducted to support government visions. As a consequence, priority strategy was initiated to design the necessary infrastructure, in order to match urban demands. One action plan of this effort is by building reservoirs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construction of a minor or large reservoir to meet water consumption rate in Dili. Also, the strategy implementation proposal of the reservoir development in Beemos and Becora rivers was prepared by analyzing the reliability and capacity, using a model known as water release standard operating rules. However, water balance simulation results showed the reliability of clean water services from these two small storage units is unable to approach 100%, due to limited volume. The capacity optimization outcomes of large Beemos reservoir indicated the inflow potential at 90% utilization, and therefore is able to balance the urban water demand up to 2030. Despite impressive simulation results, the government is expected to consistently conduct a detailed feasibility study in the upstream area, prior to implementation. Furthermore, large reservoir construction is highly recommended for effective water resource expansion, in an attempt to match the high consumption rate in Dili. This effort possibly supports Timor Leste's targets and sustainable development goals concerning clean water and sanitation.
Modeling Acidity Dynamics Driven by Tidal–Rainfall Interactions in a Tropical Lowland Irrigation Network Samuel Harjanto; Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi; Joko Sujono
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 3 (September 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.26784

Abstract

Water acidity is a critical determinant of rice productivity in tidal swamp irrigation systems. In the Terusan Tengah Irrigation Area, irrigation water is characterized by high acidity, conditions that may adversely impact rice cultivation. Although extensive field measurements have confirmed the presence of acid water within the network, observational data alone cannot disentangle how acidity patterns in tidal systems are controlled by tidal advection or generated by rainfall-driven runoff. Therefore, two contrasting hydrological scenarios rain-free and post-rainfall were simulated to isolate the mechanism governing pH dynamics. This study employs conservative hydrodynamic modelling using HEC-RAS, representing pH as hydrogen ion concentration, to investigate shifts in the controlling mechanisms of acidity under two contrasting hydrological conditions: rain-free and rainfall-affected periods. The simulations were designed to distinguish pH responses driven by tidal transport from those triggered by rainfall. Under rain-free conditions, tidal inflow transports acidic water into the primary canal, causing acidity to accumulate near segments underlain by shallow pyrite layers, but pH partially recovers during ebb tide as the acidic mass is flushed seaward. In contrast, after rainfall, runoff-driven acidity converges toward the estuary and persists even during low tide, as elevated water levels and pseudo-tidal retention inhibit flushing and prolong the residence time of acidic water within the network. This behavior reflects a governing-mechanism transition: tides act merely as distributors of existing acidity during dry periods, whereas rainfall initiates acid generation and retention within the network, concentrated near the estuary. These findings enhance the understanding of acidity dynamics in the Terusan Tengah irrigation network—driven by tidal fluctuations and rainfall—and provide an initial basis for developing adaptive operational strategies to mitigate acidity accumulation and its impacts on ecosystems, crop productivity, and local livelihoods.
Co-Authors Aderita Mariana Takeleb Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi Rachmad Jayadi Samuel Harjanto