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The Development of Germicidal Air Purifier by Employing Ultraviolet System in Controlling Airborne Bacteria Nur Atik; Siska Widya Dewi Kusumah; Fitria Mahrunnisa; Winni Maharani; Windi Nurdiawan; Putu Indra Cyntia Dewi; Erda Avriyanti; Dede Suhendi
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 8, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

The nosocomial infection could be acquired through airborne disease in the hospital. However, only a particular health center in Indonesia carried out a complete, cautious prevention procedure by utilizing air purifiers due to cost problems. Thus, to minimize the number of nosocomial infections related to bacterial air pollutants, excellent tools with low cost are required to address this problem. We developed an ultraviolet light system within the air purifier at a low cost and the best way to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms in the healthcare center. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung in 2009–2010. The room prototype was built from a transparent glass material with two holes at the upper corner as an inlet and outlet pipeline canal. In the middle of the pipeline circulation, a vacuum pump, ultraviolet system, and a cooler were installed so the air will initially flow through those devices before being re-circulated into the room through the pipeline's inlet hole. A fan was set on the room floor, and several ten-centimeter apart, Petri dishes containing microbial growth medium were placed. The microbial colonies from the room with and without the installed ultraviolet system in the air purifier were then compared for analysis. The result showed that an air purifier equipped with an ultraviolet system killed microorganisms 73% more effective than the air purifier without an ultraviolet system (p<0.05). In conclusion, employing an ultraviolet system within the air purifier might be effectively killed microorganisms and ultimately reduce nosocomial infection. PENGEMBANGAN AIR PURIFIER RUANGAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN SINAR ULTRAVIOLET UNTUK MEMBUNUH MIKROB BAWAAN UDARAInfeksi nosokomial dapat ditularkan melalui penyakit yang ditularkan melalui udara di rumah sakit. Namun, hanya rumah sakit atau pelayanan kesehatan tertentu di Indonesia yang melakukan prosedur pencegahan infeksi nosokomial secara optimal dengan memanfaatkan air purifier karena kendala biaya. Oleh sebab itu, untuk meminimalkan jumlah infeksi nosokomial yang terkait dengan bakteri pencemar udara diperlukan pengembangan air purifier yang baik dengan biaya yang murah. Kami telah mengembangkan sistem pembersih udara yang terintegrasi sinar ultraviolet dengan biaya rendah untuk mengurangi mikroorganisme patogen di ruang pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung pada tahun 2009–2010. Prototipe ruangan dibuat dari bahan kaca transparan dengan dua lubang di sudut atas sebagai ruang instalasi pipa saluran masuk dan keluar. Pada bagian tengah sirkulasi pipa dipasang pompa vakum, sistem ultraviolet, dan pendingin sehingga udara akan mengalir melewati alat-alat tersebut sebelum disirkulasikan kembali ke dalam ruangan melalui lubang masuk pipa. Sebuah kipas dipasang pada prototipe ruangan dan setiap jarak sepuluh sentimeter ditempatkan cawan Petri yang berisi media pertumbuhan mikrob. Koloni mikrob dari ruangan model dengan dan tanpa sistem ultraviolet yang terpasang di air purifier, kemudian dibandingkan untuk dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air purifier yang dilengkapi sistem ultraviolet membunuh mikroorganisme 73% lebih efektif daripada air purifier tanpa sistem ultraviolet (p<0,05). Simpulan, penggunaan sistem ultraviolet dalam air purifier efektif membunuh mikroorganisme dan pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi infeksi nosokomial.

Correlation Between Allergy History in Family and Allergy Manifestation in School Age Children Fitria Mahrunnisa; Sumadiono Sumadiono; Sri Mulatsih
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN (State Islamic University) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Background: Asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis are influenced by both genetic factor and environtment factors. Based on family history of allergy, allergic trace cards can identify the level of allergic risk in children. The relationship between family history of allergy and manifestation of allergic disease as a single allergy disease and allergic multimorbidity still need to be explored. The objective of this study was to identify the associations between family history of allergic disease and manifestation of allergic disease in school-age children.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study on school age children with 6-13 years old at eight elementary schools in Yogyakarta. Family history of allergy was defined as reported asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis in a parent or sibling and classified the level of allergic risk based on allergic trace cards. Subjects were questioned by standardized ISAAC questionnaire. The relationship between the two was analyzed by the Chi-squared analysis to assess the prevalence ratio (PR).Results: A total of 272 children with an average age of 8.4 years, allergic manifestations occurred more as multimorbidity (53%) with the highest incidence of RA+asthma (9%) compared with one allergic disease (47%) with the highest incidence of RA (11%). There was a significant relationship between family history of allergy and all manifestations of allergic disease with an increased risk of developing allergies by 3.3 (PR 3.3; 95% CI 2.3-4.8) and 2.8 times (PR 2.8; IK95% 1.8-4.3) in the moderate and high-risk score group. Asthma, RA and DA have a risk for coexistence with 2 other diseases of 2.5 (RP 2.5 IK95%; 1.9-3), 2.25 (PR 2.25 IK95%; 1.7 -3) and 1.9 times (PR 2.5 IK95%; 1.45-2.4).Conclusion: Family history of allergic disease is a risk factors for the development of allergic manifestation both a single allergic disease and multimobidity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and polyarthritis juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comorbidity in children at emergency Wisma Atlet Kemayoran: the first case report with two months follow up Nia Fitriyani; Fitria Mahrunnisa; Tiona Romauli
Pediatric Sciences Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): (Available online: 1 June 2023)
Publisher : Medical Faculty of Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/pedscij.v4i1.50

Background: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is often mild and asymptomatic in youngsters. However, in other circumstances, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), COVID-19 necessitates special consideration because of the general immune system harm associated with autoimmune disorders and the iatrogenic side effects of corticosteroids. The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which manifests 4-6 weeks after infection as a high fever, organ dysfunction, and markedly elevated markers of inflammation, is one manifestation of the COVID-19 disease that can cause secondary vasculitis or present with vasculitis or hyperinflammation manifestations. The association between MIS-C and SARS-CoV-2 infection shows that post-infectious immunological dysregulation plays a role in the pathogenesis. This study aimed to present a case of COVID-19 and JRA comorbidity in children at emergency Wisma Atlet Kemayoran. Case Report: A 10-year-old boy was admitted to COVID-19 Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran with complaints of anosmia. The patient had a history of polyarthritis JRA, has been diagnosed since January 2020 and has routinely received methylprednisolone 4 mg/day and one tablet of calcium lactate once daily. No abnormalities were discovered during a general physical examination or a Pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine (pGALS) assessment. On laboratory testing, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis are present. Thorax and extremities were radiologically examined within acceptable bounds. According to national guidelines for mild COVID-19 in children, the patient got routine treatment, which included a multivitamin. The patient also continued receiving methylprednisolone and calcium lactate while he was treated. After 12 days of treatment, the patient tested negative for COVID-19. One month after treatment, there was no hyperinflammatory reaction or recurrence of JRA. Conclusion: In pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and JRA, it is important to continue corticosteroid treatment with an adjusted dose. Even though this treatment has the possibility of causing immunosuppression which can complicate the healing process of COVID-19, we need to prevent the recurrence of JRA in patients.

The Effect of Duration of Use and Hygienity on Microbial Profile of Used Mask Surface Used by Children School in Jakarta Mahrunnisa, Fitria; Suwarsono, Erike Anggraini; Awaliyah, Vina Izzatul
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2024): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v5i1.34630

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) virus. The main medium of transmission of COVID-19 is droplets from the respiratory tract. One way to prevent this is to wear a mask. In the context of good and correct mask use, the duration of mask use is one of the concerns, because a study shows that microbes in the form of potentially harmful bacteria and fungi can be found in the use of masks for a long duration. In addition, dental hygiene is also a factor in the development of microorganisms after wearing a mask. Children aged 0-18 years are vulnerable to contracting Covid-19, especially from family. However, until now there have been no studies conducted to identify the hygiene of masks used by children. The aims of this study is to determine the hygiene profile of masks used by school children by identifying the type, number of microbes and knowing the factors that affect the hygiene of the use of masks by elementary, junior high and high school age children.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study by conducting interviews and collecting masks that have been worn by elementary school students in Jakarta. The surface of the face side mask was then swabbed and cultured on Nutrient Agar media. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test.Results: The subjects in this study were 62 children with an age range of 7-13 years with the majority being female as many as 34 children (54.84%). This study found that there was no significant difference between the number of colonies based on tooth brushing activities before using a mask and the duration of mask use (p 0.396; p 0.268), while there was a significant difference with dental caries (p 0.041). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the presence of pathogens in the mask and the activity of brushing teeth before using the mask (p 0.027) with an OR value of 3.709 (95% CI 1.288- 10.685), meaning that respondents who did not brush their teeth before using the mask had a 3.709 times chance of having pathogens in the mask they used. Meanwhile, in terms of the presence of pathogens, there was no significant relationship between the presence of pathogens in the mask with dental caries and duration of mask use (p 0.166; p 0.516). The types of bacteria identified were dominated by non-pathogenic bacteria in humans, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. This could have occurred because it was affected by the pH of the skin surface which tends to be acidic, due to the free fatty acids contained in the skin.Conclusion: Dental and oral hygiene using masks is related to the presence of pathogenic microbes in the use of masks to prevent Covid-19 in children.

Vaksin ETEC: Solusi Baru Pencegahan Foodborne Disease: Analisis Inayah, Ninda; Shofa, Fajria; Alfiattutthoyyibah, Tiara; Mahrunnisa, Fitria
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 52 No 9 (2025): Pediatri
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v52i9.1621

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of under-fve mortality globally and in Indonesia. In 2020, the mortality rate for children aged 12-59 months due to diarrhea was 4.55%. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is estimated to cause approximately 220 million episodes of diarrhea annually worldwide. ETEC vaccines are being developed to prevent the acute disease burden and long-term sequelae such as growth and cognitive impairment linked to repeated infections. Public health models suggest that an ETEC vaccine has the potential to reduce 4.2%–6.0% of deaths due to diarrhea, particularly among infants and children in low-resource settings, and decrease antibiotic use, thereby improving treatment cost efciency. This paper reviews ETEC structure and pathogenesis, clinical features, and the current vaccine pipeline focused on colonization factor (CF) antigens and LT/ST toxins. The highlighted leading candidates, including ETVAX (an oral inactivated whole-cell vaccine currently in phase 2b), and multivalent approaches targeting the most prevalent CFs, which could theoretically protect against 70%-80% of circulating disease-causing strains in at-risk populations.

A Comparative Study of Academic Performance in Myopic Students With and Without Vision Correction Erfira, Erfira; Febriandriani, Dini; Farida, Nida; Mahrunnisa, Fitria; Ulfah Irawati, Nur Bebi; Hermawati, Luluk; Usman, Muhammad
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v6i1.46768

Background: Vision is the primary way people get information and is crucial for the learning process. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 285 million people worldwide are visually impaired, with 42% of cases due to uncorrected refractive errors. School-age children are highly vulnerable to refractive errors, with myopia (nearsightedness) being the most common. A decrease in visual function due to myopia interferes with tasks requiring far vision, such as reading the blackboard, which can negatively impact academic performance. This study aims to compare the academic performance of patients with corrected and uncorrected myopia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study of 5th-grade elementary school students with myopia in Jakarta during 2023. Data collected included the students' average mid-semester exam scores and their myopia status, determined by visual acuity examinations. Results: Out of 106 respondents, 34% (36 people) had corrected myopia and 66% (70 people) had uncorrected myopia with 35 (33%) respondents having academic performance results below the passing grade. Bivariate analysis of the data using the Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.010 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between academic performance results and the incidence of myopia.

Pediatric Atypical Progressive Acute Kidney Injury In Indonesia Mahrunnisa, Fitria; Ripha, Roshida Fitri; Awaliyah, Vina Izzatul
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v4i2.31753

Background: In the last few months of the 2022, there has been an increase in pediatric acute kidney injury cases with high mortality in Indonesia. Atypical progressive acute kidney injury (AKI) described as duration of the development of the disease into end stage stadium occured rapidly and abruptly result in high mortality indicates more than 50% despite received dialysis treatment. The cases were dominated by previously healthy toddlers age less than five years old without comorbidities. This review presents necessary informations related to etiology, diagnosis and management of atypical progressive AKI. This review also discuss about the etiology although the spesific causes are still widely studied as well as reports of new events on the causes of AKI. Methods: Systematic review of studies about atypical progressive acute kidney injury, the situation that is occurring at the moment in Indonesia.Results: There are spesific operational definition for diagnosing atypical progressive AKI in children including initial symptoms cover for infection symptoms of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system and none history of previously kidney injury which also found both hyperinflamation or hypercoagulation signs. Most children were previously health children. Spesific cause are still unknown but some children were found positive for viral and bacterial infection, SARS COV-2 antybody and also ethylene glycol intoxication as reported cases in Gambia by WHO.Conclusion: When compared to the pediatric community AKI in general, certain variations were discovered in the atypical pogressive type of AKI, known patient features, initial symptoms, and etiology.

The Effect of Duration of Use and Hygienity on Microbial Profile of Used Mask Surface Used by Children School in Jakarta Mahrunnisa, Fitria; Suwarsono, Erike Anggraini; Awaliyah, Vina Izzatul
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v5i1.34630

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) virus. The main medium of transmission of COVID-19 is droplets from the respiratory tract. One way to prevent this is to wear a mask. In the context of good and correct mask use, the duration of mask use is one of the concerns, because a study shows that microbes in the form of potentially harmful bacteria and fungi can be found in the use of masks for a long duration. In addition, dental hygiene is also a factor in the development of microorganisms after wearing a mask. Children aged 0-18 years are vulnerable to contracting Covid-19, especially from family. However, until now there have been no studies conducted to identify the hygiene of masks used by children. The aims of this study is to determine the hygiene profile of masks used by school children by identifying the type, number of microbes and knowing the factors that affect the hygiene of the use of masks by elementary, junior high and high school age children.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study by conducting interviews and collecting masks that have been worn by elementary school students in Jakarta. The surface of the face side mask was then swabbed and cultured on Nutrient Agar media. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test.Results: The subjects in this study were 62 children with an age range of 7-13 years with the majority being female as many as 34 children (54.84%). This study found that there was no significant difference between the number of colonies based on tooth brushing activities before using a mask and the duration of mask use (p 0.396; p 0.268), while there was a significant difference with dental caries (p 0.041). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the presence of pathogens in the mask and the activity of brushing teeth before using the mask (p 0.027) with an OR value of 3.709 (95% CI 1.288- 10.685), meaning that respondents who did not brush their teeth before using the mask had a 3.709 times chance of having pathogens in the mask they used. Meanwhile, in terms of the presence of pathogens, there was no significant relationship between the presence of pathogens in the mask with dental caries and duration of mask use (p 0.166; p 0.516). The types of bacteria identified were dominated by non-pathogenic bacteria in humans, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. This could have occurred because it was affected by the pH of the skin surface which tends to be acidic, due to the free fatty acids contained in the skin.Conclusion: Dental and oral hygiene using masks is related to the presence of pathogenic microbes in the use of masks to prevent Covid-19 in children.

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