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Agustina Asri Rahmianna

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi Jl. Raya Kendalpayak Km 8 Malang

Author-ID : 356484

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Germination and Establishment of Legumes After Rice Under Rainfed Rice Systems: A Review of Literature Rahmianna, Agustina Asri
Buletin Palawija No 14 (2007)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Crop establishment that occurs during the first three weeks of the growing phase depends on the success of seed germination and seedling emergence. As the first process, germination can be obtained only when the seed absorb water at a sufficiently rapid rate to reach minimum or critical water content, before other biotic factors can prevent its completion. In this regards, high quality of seeds is an ultimate prerequisite. It is recognized that germination and crop establishment are dominated by physical processes and therefore soil physical properties around the seed and the very young seedling govern the success. Strictly speaking, seed germination and early crop establishment are a function of soil physical condition and seed quality. A rainfed rice ecosystem is essentially a rice field with rainfall as the main source of water to flood the field prior to and during the period of paddy rice growth. This ecosystem is characterized by a lack of water control and therefore flooding and drought are potential problems. About 70 to 75% of the rice farms in Asia are rainfed due to inadequate irrigation systems. Since rice has limited success if planted after the wet season without any irrigation, farmers cultivate upland crops in lowland areas after rice that capable of coping with the dry soil during the later part of the growing season as well as to obtain additional income to support their families. Legumes are the most popular dry season crops in rainfed lowland rice-based cropping systems, as farmers expect the crops to rely on stored water left after rice. In reality, the performance of legume crops in rainfed lowland rice-based cropping systems is generally poor. It should be remembered that puddling of the soil in flooded rice fields is an integral part of rice farming in Asia. This results in waterlogged soils and poor soil physical conditions after rice, lead to the compacted and hard soils following drying. These waterlogged conditions and hard soil, together with low seed quality and fungal attack, significantly affect germination and emergence of legume crops. To obtain high crop establishment, farmers manipulate the soil physical conditions using several practices such as soil tillage, build ditches with the various levels of success.

Pemanfaatan Biji Keriput Kacang Tanah sebagai Benih Rahmianna, Agustina Asri; Purnomo, Joko; Harnowo, Didik
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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State Law No. 12/92 on agricultural systems for food crops stated that good quality seeds is seeds of correct and pure variety with high genetic, physiological and physical qualities, and in accordance with the quality standard of its class. The demand for groundnut seeds were almost entirely fulfilled by informal seed supply, which may come from a traditional system (farmers use their own seeds), buying from agricultural shops that process their own harvested pods into seeds, or buying from informal seed growers. Whilst the certified seeds produced by official seed growers is very limited in amount and supplys only a small portion of the total national seed demand. Under such condition, selection for seed quality is mainly based on the physical seed condition, such as seed size, brightness of seed coat color, and maturity of seeds. In other words, farmers prefer to select sound mature kernels and reject the shriveled kernels. Research results, however, indicated that plants generated from shriveled kernels were not significantly different to those generated from pithy kernels in term of growth and pod yield. Given the high cost and limited stocks of seed during the high planting season, it is advisable seed sorting process is not too tight and the use of wrinkled seeds for planting is prioritized. When there are overstock seeds, it is suggested to keep the sound or pithy seeds or to consume these seeds for food safety issue. This is because research results showed that shriveled seeds are more susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination than the pithy seeds.

Hasil, Kualitas Fisik Polong dan Biji Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah menurut Ragam Lengas Tanah pada Fase Generatif Rahmianna, Agustina Asri; Purnomo, dan Joko
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 46 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Drought stress during generative stage affected pod yield, yield components, seed and pod qualities of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The reseach was carried out to assess the effect of drought stress at various soil water availabilities during generative stage on pod yield, pod and seed physical qualities. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo District during July-October 2012. Five genotypes were arranged in a RCB design, with 3 replicates. The replications were nested into four treatments of soil water availability (0-100, 0-85, 0-70,0-55 days after sowing/DAS). The pods were harvested at 102 days after sowing. The result showed that the shorter the water availability, the lower the leaf relative water content, pod and seed water contents, number of mature pods, seed size, and intact seeds weight. Pod yield reduced when water was available upto 55 DAS only. Turangga variety had the highest pod yield (1.626 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. GH-51 yielded in 1.076 ton ha-1 with superior pod and seed physical qualities. Despite of its lowest pod yield (0.964 ton ha-1), J-11 produced the same pod and seed physical qualities as GH 51 did. ICGV 86590 was superior on its pod yield (1.338 ton ha-1) with low pod and seed physical qualities. Kancil variety did not perform any superiority.Keywords: intact seeds, leaf relative water content, pod moisture content, seed moisture content

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