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Lean Condition Procedure for Utilization of Silica from Rice Husk as Zeolite Precursor Winarto Kurniawan; Hirofumi Hinode
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v2i2.119

Abstract

Rice husk is rich in Si that makes it applicable as Si source for zeolite synthesis. However, the conventional method to use rice husk as a zeolite precursor has some drawbacks, which are: Si recovery method that involves burning and causing air pollution and carbon resources loss; and the use of severe conditions and sophisticated apparatuses which are not suitable for rural application where rice husk is mainly produced. In this paper, a method to prepare rice husk as zeolite Si source via a non-combustion process was proposed. Furthermore, its utilization as a zeolite precursor via moderate condition was also investigated. Si was recovered directly from rice husk using a sodium hydroxide solution. Si was successfully recovered from rice husk, and the optimum condition for recovery was found to be 1 N of NaOH and 16 hours of contact time. The application of the recovered Si for zeolite precursor at moderate condition was successful, and it was able to produce a product rich in zeolite P and zeolite X depending on the condition. Among zeolites synthesized in this experiment, the sample prepared by treatment time of 15 hours showed the highest cation exchange capacity, which makes it a promising material to be used as an ion-exchange agent.
Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar as a Solid Catalyst: From Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Esterifications to the Experiments for Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Oil Industry Waste Residue Arif Hidayat; Winarto Kurniawan; Hirofumi Hinode
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Vol 6, No 2 (2021): IJOST: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 2, September 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ijost.v6i2.34498

Abstract

In this study, the utilization of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCBB) as a solid catalyst was investigated for biodiesel production from palm oil industry waste residue. The catalyst was synthesized by sulfonation of SCBB to attach sulfonate functional group. Several analyses such as Nitrogen Gas Sorption Analysis, acidity, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were applied to determine the properties of SCBB catalyst. The SCBB catalysts were tested to esterify the palm oil industry waste residue which contains of Free Fatty Acids (FFAs). The SCBB catalyst activity test revealed that the variables including catalyst amount, methanol to PFAD mass ratio, and temperature influenced the FFAs conversion. The highest of FFAs of 86.1% was reached at reaction temperature of 65 °C with the PFAD to methanol mass ratio of 4:1, and catalyst amount of 5 wt.% PFAD. The E-R kinetic model as developed can be described the mechanism of esterification reaction