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Muhammad Hisyam
Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Kebudayaan (P2KK - LIPI)

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KI BAGUS HADIKUSUMO DAN PROBLEM RELASI AGAMA-NEGARA Muhammad Hisyam
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol. 13 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmb.v13i2.120

Abstract

This article examines the debates on the relationship between religion and state in the early formation of Indonesia’s independent. The formulation of this relation was firmly stated in the Jakarta Charter, as “the state is based on a divinity, which obligates the Muslim to implement the shari’a of Islam”. Thus the Jakarta Charter provides an evidence that the implementation of shari’a has to involve the state. However, the charter was modified by Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independent (PPKI), just a day after proclamation of independent, and the relationship between religion and state became unclear. During the rule of the authoritarian New Order regime the voice demanding implementation of the shari’a was largely unheard, but it does not mean that the aspiration had died down. After the fall of Soeharto, and the rise of “Reformasi” order, political parties with affiliation to Islam took a strong stance to demand that omitted seven words in the Jakarta Charter were reinstated. Is the demand to restore of the seven words corresponds to the ideas of its formation during debates in the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independent (BPUPKI) in which the document was formulated? To answer this question I investigated the minute of the Committee with special attention to Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a Muslim representative which has well known as a vocal person in the Committee. The answer is, as I found a fact that the seven words formula in the Jakarta Charter was strongly rejected by Hadikusumo. Keywords: BPUPKI, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, Jakarta Charter.
AGAMA DAN KONFLIK SOSIAL Muhammad Hisyam
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol. 8 No. 2 (2006)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmb.v8i2.192

Abstract

This article is aimed to seek answers on whether religion can really be the causing factor of conflict, or whether conflict is actually ignited by cultural and other factors. For that purpose, it is also important in this article to see the relation between religion and culture. Religion has potency as peace keeper factor, so as conflict raiser. Exclusivity and claim for truth of a religion has been accused as the main factors that can raise religious conflict. Liberalism movement was trying to reduce these claims for truth among religious beliefs. Exclusive pluralism which was one form of the movement failed since it did not recognize exclusivities of religions which are embedded within each religion. Better approach to pluralism is that respect of religious rights as basic human rights, should then be followed by basic human duties. Despite theoretical issues, the relation between religion and conflict needs further mapping, a method which is also presented in the last part of the article. Kata kunci: Agama, konflik, pluralisme, pemetaan konflik
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