Yudi Pranoto
Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

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Efektifitas Frekuensi Ekstraksi Serta Pengaruh Suhu dan Cahaya Terhadap Antosianin dan Daya Antioksidan Ekstrak Kelopak Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Suharyani Amperawati; Pudji Hastuti; Yudi Pranoto; Umar Santoso
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Februari 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1466.155 KB) | DOI: 10.17728/jatp.3527

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kadar antosianin ekstrak kelopak rosela dari perlakuan ekstraksi dengan maserasi pada beberapa kali ekstraksi, serta mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan pemaparan cahaya selama penyimpanan terhadap kadar antosianin dan daya antioksidan. Ekstraksi kelopak rosela dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali dengan metode maserasi. Pengaruh penyimpanan dengan suhu 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70oC selama 7, 14, 21, 28, dan 35 hari. Pemaparan cahaya dilakukan dengan 1478, 2835, dan 3940 lux dan sebagai pembanding digunakan perlakuan tanpa pencahayaan selama 1 sampai dengan 10 hari. Parameter untuk ektraksi meliputi kadar antosianin, warna (L*, a*, b*, ΔE), dan total padatan terlarut. Parameter penyimpanan meliputi kadar antosianin dan daya antioksidan metode radical scavenging (DPPH). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi ke 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kali menunjukkan kadar antosianin masing-masing 608, 218, 64, dan 32 mg/l; nilai L* sebesar 29,07; 32,27; 36,19; dan 45,27; nilai a* sebesar 10,42; 16,33; 21,90 dan 15,63; dan b* adalah 1,36; 4,56; 8,33; dan 5,86; ΔE adalah 1,31; 7,53; 15,29; dan 18,06.  Ekstraksi lebih baik dilakukan 2 kali, sedangkan ekstraksi yang ke-3 dan 4 menghasilkan kadar antosianin yang relatif kecil. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa makin tinggi suhu dan lama penyimpanan menyebabkan kandungan antosianin dan kapasitas antioksidan makin menurun, demikian pula makin tinggi intensitas cahaya menyebabkan makin menurunnya kadar antosianin dan kemampuan antioksidannya. Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan semua parameter yang diukur maka ekstraksi dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 2 kali dan guna menjaga antosianin dan antioksidannya, maka sebaiknya disimpan dalam ruang dingin dan terhindar dari cahaya matahari.Kata kunci : rosela, ekstraksi, suhu, cahaya, antioksidan Extraction Frequency Effectiveness and Effect of Temperature and Light on Anthocyanin and Antioxidant Capacity of Rosella Petal Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)Abstract         This study aims to determine the quality and levels of anthocyanin roselle petal extract from extraction treatment with maceration frequency and to determine the effect of temperature and light exposure during storage on anthocyanin levels and antioxidant activity. Roselle petal extraction was carried out 4 times with maceration method. Storage condition were set up at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70oC for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Light exposure was conducted using 1478, 2835, and 3940 lux and as a comparison, the extract was kept without light from 1 to 10 days. The parameters for extraction were anthocyanin, color levels (L*, a*, b*, ΔE), and total soluble solids. Storage parameters were anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of the radical scavenging (DPPH) method. The results of anthocyanin levels of extraction 1, 2, 3, and 4 times were 608, 218, 64, and 32 mg/L; 29.07, 32.27, 36.19, and 45.27 for L*, 10.42, 16.33, 21.90 and 15.63 for a* value, 1.36, 4.56, 8.33, and 5.86 for b* value, 1,31; 7,53; 15,29; and 18,06 for ΔE, respectively. Twice extraction was provide much better result for total anthocyanin, while 3rd and 4th extractions produced relatively small level of anthocyanin. The results also showed that the higher temperature and storage time, the decrease in anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity. The higher intensity of the light caused reduction of anthocyanin content and its antioxidant activity. As conclusion, roselle extract might be conducted for two times. The storage was also suggested at low temperatures and low exposure light to keep its anthocyanin and antioxidant.Keywords: rosella, extraction, temperature, light, antioxidant
Hidrolisis Pati dari Batang Kelapa Sawit dengan Kombinasi Perlakuan Asam Sitrat dan Steam Explosion Terhadap Sifat Fisiko Kimia Dekstrin Syarifah Yusra; Yudi Pranoto; Chairil Anwar; Chusnul Hidayat
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (910.242 KB) | DOI: 10.17728/jatp.6273

Abstract

Modifikasi pati dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sifat fungsional pati dan memperluas penggunaan pati dalam produk pangan. Modifikasi pati menjadi dekstin dapat dilakukan baik secara fisik, kimiawi, atau kombinasi fisiko-kimia. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi pati dengan kombinasi pregelatinisasi-steam explosion (Pregel-SE), dan kombinasi pregelatinisasi-asam sitrat-steam explosion pada pH 4 (pregel-pH-SE4) dan pH 3 (pregel-pH-SE3) untuk produksi dekstrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh metode hidrolisis terbaik dalam pembuatan dekstrin. Produk yang dihasilkan diamati tingkat kelarutan, berat molekul (Mw), dextrose equivalent (DE), Spectra Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), SEM, dan viskositas pasta. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik modifikasi pati menjadi dekstrin diperoleh pada perlakuan pregel-pH3-SE. Pada perlakuan ini diperoleh kelarutan 75,94 %, berat molekul 60100 g/mol dan DE 15,92%. Pita vibrasi baru terlihat di wilayah bilangan gelombang 1717 cm-1 pada analisis FTIR. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa bentuk granula pati yang bulat sudah tidak terlihat setelah kombinasi perlakuan. Pengujian RVA menunjukkan penurunan viskositas berkorelasi positif terhadap penurunan berat molekul, peningkatan kelarutan dan DE setelah kombinasi perlakuan ditingkatkan. Starch modification is performed to improve the functional properties of starch and starch utilization in food products. Modification of starch, such as dextrin, can be performed by physical and chemical methods, or a combination method, such as physico-chemical. In this research, starch modification was carried out by a combination between pregelatinization and steam explosion (Pregel-SE), a combination between pregelatinization, citric acid and steam explosion at pH 4 (Pregel-pH-SE4) and at pH 3 (Pregel-pH-SE3) for the production of dextrin. The objective of this research was to obtain the best method for dextrin production. The results were observed, such as levels of solubility, molecular weight (Mw), dextrose equivalent (DE), Spectra Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), SEM, and pasting properties (RVA). The results showed that the best condition of starch modification for dextrin production was obtained by Pregel-pH3-SE. Solubility, molecular weight, and DE of dextrin were 75.94%, 60100 g/mol, and 15.92%, respectively. A new peak was observed in the region of the wavenumber 1.717 cm-1 at FTIR analysis. SEM analysis indicated that the round form of starch granules did not observed after the treatments. RVA analysis showed that the decrease in viscosity was correlated with a decrease in molecular weight, an increase in solubility, and DE after the treatments.