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Armelia Sari Widyarman
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University
Dentistry

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Antibiofilm Effect of Clitoria ternatea Flower Juice on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro Armelia Sari Widyarman; Stephani Sumadi; Tri Putriany Agustin
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v1i1.288

Abstract

Introduction: Clitoria ternatea flower contains flavonoid such as anthocyanin that gives the blue color to its flower and has antimicrobial activity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of flower juice of Clitoria ternatea against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm viability in vitro. Methods: This study was experimental laboratory research using biofilm assay method. P. gingivalis was cultured in BHI broth in 37°C for 24h under anaerobic condition. Fresh flowers of Clitoria ternatea were extracted using mortar and pestle and diluted into 6 different concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as positive control and biofilm without treatment as negative control. The flower juice was distributed into 96 well-plates that contained biofilm of P. gingivalis and incubated for 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h in 37°C, anaerobic atmosphere. Biofilm was measured using crystal violet dye with microplate reader (490 nm). Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test with p<0.05 was set as significant different. Result: Result showed that Clitoria ternatea flower juice significantly reduced the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm viability in all concentration and all incubation time. The most effective concentration to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm was 100% in 1h incubation time which biofilm was diminished (Optical Density=0.00). One way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test showed a significant biofilm reduction in all concentration and all incubation time after treatment with the flower juice compared to control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Clitoria ternatea flower juice has antibiofilm effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This result showed this flower juice may be useful for combating periodontal pathogens. However, further studies using other bacteria are still needed to confirm this result.
The Comparison of Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Amoxicillin Againts Streptococcus sanguinis Kevin Lim; Armelia Sari Widyarman
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v1i1.293

Abstract

Introduction: Viridans streptococci group such as Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), an anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria is a well-known for its involvement in dry socket (alveolar osteitis)-associated infection. Systemic amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole have all been shown to be effective to inhibit this bacterium. However, there has been a lack of studies identifying which are the most effective amongst these antibiotics toward Streptococcus sanguinis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole, clindamycin, and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis in vitro. Methods: This effectiveness was done by using agar well diffusion methods. S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C under anaerobic condition. After 48h, bacterial cells were harvested and counted using microplate reader (490 nm) to achieve optical density of 0.25-0.30 (107 CFU/mL). Subsequently, 100 μL of bacterial suspension was cultured on BHI agar and each antibiotic suspension was added into each agar well, incubated for 72h at 37°C. The inhibition zone diameters were measured with electronic caliper. All experiments were done in triplicate, and repeated two times in separated occasions. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. A p<0.05 was considered as significance. Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness, clindamycin and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (p<0.05), compared to metronidazole. The inhibition zone diameter with mean±SD (mm) are 13.50±2.0, 34.67±2.3 and 32.67±1.7 for metronidazole, clindamycin and amoxicillin, respectively. Conclusion: Clindamycin and amoxicillin are more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis compared to metronidazole in this study. However, future studies are needed to confirm this result in vivo.
Effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oil on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola Biofilms Hana Fauziyah Nurrahman; Armelia Sari Widyarman
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v3i2.563

Abstract

Introduction: Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) is known to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how effectively Matricaria chamomilla essential oil acts against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola biofilms in vitro. Methods: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC-29522 and T. denticola ATCC-35405 were separately cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C for 2 4h in anaerobic conditions. Each bacterial suspension (200 uL, 107 CFU/mL) was cultured in 96-well plates for 48 h to form a biofilm. Thereafter, biofilms were treated with chamomile essential oil at concentrations of 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% in a time-dependent experiment. Readings were taken at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h. Biofilm mass was evaluated using crystal violet staining (for A. actinomycetemcomitans) and safranin staining (for T. denticola). Biofilms treated with chlorhexidine (0.2%) and untreated biofilms were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the significance level set to p<0.05. Results: Chamomile essential oil significantly reduced the biomass of the biofilms (p<0.05). The most effective chamomile oil concentrations for inhibiting A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola biofilms were 100% and 50%, respectively, with 24 h incubation periods. The results of ANOVA and the post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in biofilm mass for all concentrations of chamomile essential oil compared to the negative control across all incubation times. Conclusion: The data suggest that chamomile essential oil can inhibit the biofilm formation of A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola biofilms. It could, therefore, be useful as an alternative treatment to inhibit the biofilms composes of the bacteria tested in periodontal disease cases. However, continued researches are necessary to further explore the mechanisms of this effect.
Efficacy of World Health Organization-Recommended Homemade Hand Sanitizer Against Bacteria and Fungus Moehamad Orliando Roeslan; Mario Richi; Aradhea Monica Drestia; Armelia Sari Widyarman
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v4i2.712

Abstract

Introduction: Handwashing is among the best practices to prevent the transmission of various diseases especially during the pandemic. Handwashing with soap can reduce respiratory tract infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for making homemade hand sanitizer. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of antibacterial hand- rub, as recommended by WHO, containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol in varying concentrations against bacteria and fungus. Methods: This experimental laboratory study was designed to assay the efficacy of hand sanitizer ingredients—96% ethanol, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 98% glycerol, as recommended by WHO—against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Commercial hand rubs were used in this study for comparison. Result: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing showed that the WHO hand rub at 25% concentration inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth, while 12,5% concentration inhibited C. albicans. Conclusion: The WHO-recommended homemade hand sanitizer containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol at a concentration of 50% is effective in eliminating Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and concentration of 25% is effective on Candida albicans. Further study is needed to analyse these materials against other bacteria and viruses.
Co-Authors Aradhea Monica Drestia Hana Fauziyah Nurrahman Kevin Lim M. Orliando Roeslan Mario Richi Putriany Agustin, Tri Stephani Sumadi