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Trace Elements Content of Mangium Pulp throughout ECF Bleaching Stages as Measured by ICP Nyoman Wistara; Devi Nurmala
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 13, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (430.996 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v13i1.61

Abstract

The fate of metals in pulp of the five years old mangium wood (Acacia mangium Wild) during bleaching process was investigated. The wood was divided into tree division, i.e. bottom, middle and upper divisions. The wood was chipped and kraft pulped to achieve a kappa number of 14 + 0.5. The resulting pulps were then bleached following an elementally chlorine free (ECF) method of D0, EO, D1, D2 and P sequences. The measurement of metals content was carried out with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) type Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) Optima 4300DV. Brightness and viscosity of bleached pulps were measured in accordance with TAPPI T 525 om - 92 and TAPPI T 230 om-89 standard procedures, respectively. It was found that, metals content of five years old Acacia mangium tended to increase from the bottom to the upper divisions of the stem. Beyond the EO stage, the content of Mn reduced to below detrimental limit required in peroxide bleaching, which is of 1 ppm. However, the content of Cu and Fe of pulp from every stage of bleaching sequences were much higher than their detrimental limit, i.e. 0.5 ppm and 2 ppm, respectively. Metals content were also found to reduce brightness gain in ECF bleaching.Keywords: Acacia mangium, brightness, ECF bleaching, metals, viscosity
Penerapan Komuniksi Internal Antara Pemimpin dan Karyawan dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Loyalitas Karyawan Café & Resto 9 Pakis : Studi Kasus dalam Meningkatkan Loyalitas Karyawan Café & Resto 9 Pakis Devi Nurmala; Maman Suherman
Bandung Conference Series: Public Relations Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Public Relations
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcspr.v4i1.10407

Abstract

Abstract. The importance of communication is not only limited to personal communication, but also to organizational communication. Effective communication within the organization plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth and successful operation of the organization. With proper communication, information can be conveyed clearly and in a timely manner, facilitating teamwork, building trust, and reducing conflicts and misunderstandings. In this study, the authors focus on the Implementation of Internal Communication Between Leaders and Café & Resto 9 Pakis Employees, but there are still cases that occur with Café & Resto 9 Pakis employees related to employee loyalty caused by several factors, therefore Internal communication between Leaders and Employees should be well done. This study aims to explore and analyze aspects of organizational communication that contribute to organizational performance and effectiveness. To answer the research objectives, the researcher uses a qualitative approach with case studies, and conducts interviews with informants, namely the Leaders of Café & Resto 9 Pakis, by understanding the dynamics of communication in an organizational context, the authors hope to provide useful insights and recommendations for the development of better organizational communication. especially good Café & Resto 9 Pakis. Abstrak. Pentingnya komunikasi tidak hanya terbatas pada komunikasi personal, tetapi juga pada komunikasi organisasi. Komunikasi yang efektif dalam organisasi memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan kelancaran dan kesuksesan operasional organisasi. Dengan komunikasi yang tepat, informasi dapat disampaikan dengan jelas dan tepat waktu, memfasilitasi kerja sama tim, membangun kepercayaan, serta mengurangi konflik dan kesalahpahaman. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis memfokuskan pada Penerapan Komunikasi Internal Antara Pemimpin dan Karyawan Café & Resto 9 Pakis, namun masih ada kasus yang terjadi pada karyawan Café & Resto 9 Pakis terkait loyalitas karyawannya yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, maka dari itu komunikasi Internal antara Pemimpin dan Karyawan harus dilakukan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis aspek-aspek komunikasi organisasi yang berkontribusi pada kinerja dan efektivitas organisasi. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, dan melakukan wawancara terhadap informan yaitu Pemimpin dari Café & Resto 9 Pakis, dengan memahami dinamika komunikasi dalam konteks organisasi, penulis berharap dapat memberikan wawasan dan rekomendasi yang berguna bagi pengembangan komunikasi organisasi yang lebih baik khususnya Café & Resto 9 Pakis.