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STUDIES ON Aeromonas hydrophila BACTERIA DISEASES IN WILD AND CULTURED ELVER EEL (Anguilla bicolor) Noviana Dewi; Isti Koesharyani
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2017): (December, 2017)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

This study was performed to detect Aeromonas hydrophila infection in wild and cultured elver eel (Anguilla bicolor). In total, 20 live elvers (10 wild and 10 cultured) were collected and subjected to Aeromonas hydrophila tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for an accurate identification of Aeromonas hydrophila using a universal primer and detection of the aerolysin gene in A. hydrophila using a specific primer. The virulence of A. hydrophila was determined using a pathogenicity test injection. The results showed that A. hydrophila could be detected using PCR and amplification of 685bp DNA. A. hydrophila could also be confirmed to contain the aerolysin gene of 290 bp DNA which could be a virulence indicator. Pathogenicity test revealed that LC50 was estimated to be 10.9 x 10 6.33. Histopathological changes were found in the abdominal and wounded muscles. Those changes were mainly in tissue ephitel cell hyperplasia. Based on the present study, A. hydrophila is a virulent bacteria in elver eel. A. hydrophila disease preventive measures need to be formulated. Elver eels should be tested for the A. hydrophila before restocking into farms.

DETEKSI PENYAKIT SCALE DROP PADA IKAN KAKAP PUTIH Lates calcarifer BLOCH Isti Koesharyani; Agus Sunarto; Ketut Sugama
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 3 (2020): (September, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Ikan kakap putih Lates calcarifer BLOCH sudah banyak dibudidayakan baik dalam bak di daratan ataupun dalam karamba jaring apung (KJA) di laut. Pada tahun 2010, terjadi kematian massal pada ikan kakap yang dipelihara dalam karamba jaring apung (KJA) di Batam dari ukuran 0,3 hingga 2 kg. Patogen penyebab kematiannya belum terkonfirmasi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi dan menentukan jenis patogen penyebab kematian ikan kakap putih yang dibudidayakan dalam KJA. Analisis deteksi dan penentuan jenis patogen dilakukan dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Penyiapan sampel untuk analisis PCR diambil dari organ internal ikan kakap yang sakit, berupa limfa, ginjal, mata, dan otak yang diawetkan dalam larutan etanol 90%. Analisis PCR dilakukan menggunakan dua jenis primer spesifik megalocytivirus yaitu red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and scale drop disease (SDD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya band spesifik pada 643 base pair (bp), yang berarti terkonfirmasi positif terinfeksi oleh SDD yang disebabkan oleh novel megalocytivirus dan ini merupakan kasus pertama terjadi di Indonesia, namun negatif terhadap infeksi RSIV. Analisis separasi susunan nukleotida melalui sekuensing, menunjukkan bahwa SDD dari sampel ikan kakap dari KJA Batam mirip 100% dengan SDDV yang berasal dari Singapura yang tersimpan di GenBank dengan nomor aksesi KRI.139659. Dari hasil penelitian ini terkonfirmasi bahwa virus scale drop disease adalah penyebab kematian massal ikan kakap dalam KJA di Batam. Untuk menghindari penyebaran virus SDD ke daerah lain di Indonesia disarankan untuk tidak menggunakan induk dan benih ikan kakap yang berasal dari Batam dan Singapura.Seabass, Lates calcarifer Bloch has been widely cultured in various land-based and marine farming systems. In 2010, widespread mass mortality of cultured seabass had occurred in floating fish cages in Batam coastal waters, particularly affecting the cultured fish sized between 0.3 and 2.0 kg. The pathogen suspected to cause the mortality has not yet been confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine and detect the pathogen that causes the fish mortality. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used in this research. The initial research stage involved the collection of the tissues of internal organs such as spleen, kidney, eye, and brain from the moribund fish and preserved in 90% ethanol solution. The PCR analysis was performed using two pair specific primers of megalocytivirus, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), and scale drop disease (SDD). The result of the analysis showed that the specific band appeared at 643 base pair (bp), confirming the positive infection of SDD belonged to the novel megalocytivirus. This research finding is the first report of the occurrence of novel megalocytivirus in Indonesia despite the negative detection of RSIV infection. The subsequent analysis of nucleotide structures by sequencing revealed that the Batam SDD had a 100% similarity to that of Singapore SDDV reported at GenBank with the accession number of KRI.139659. The present results confirmed that the pathogen infecting the cage culture of seabass in Batam is the SDD virus and caused high mortality rate. This research recommends prohibiting the use of broodstock and seed of seabass from either Batam or Singapore in order to avoid the spread of the SDD virus to other seabass mariculture areas in Indonesian.

STUDI KASUS INFEKSI TILAPIA LAKE VIRUS (TiLV) PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Isti Koesharyani; Lila Gardenia; Zakiyah Widowati; Khumaira Khumaira; Dita Rustianti
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 13, No 1 (2018): (Maret 2018)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Ikan nila atau Oreochromis niloticus merupakan ikan konsumsi masyarakat di Indonesia. Kasus kematian massal ikan nila terjadi di beberapa lokasi budaya di Jawa, Lombok, dan Sumatera yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Orthomyxovirus, dan disebut sebagai Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi adanya infeksi TiLV dengan metode semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) pada kasus kematian massal ikan nila. Lokasi pengambilan sampel di Desa Sigerongan Kecamatan Lingsar, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis deteksi RT-PCR menggunakan sampel organ otak, ginjal, limpa, dan hati, selanjutnya dilakukan sekuensing. Hasil pengamatan terhadap gejala klinis terhadap ikan nila moribund terlihat kondisi mata yang buram/katarak, serta cekung, abrasi kulit, serta perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih gelap. Hasil analisis RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa kejadian kematian massal pada ikan nila suspektif diakibatkan oleh infeksi RNA virus TiLV. Analisis sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa TiLV dari sampel ikan nila di Lombok mempunyai kesamaan identitas genetik 97% dengan TiLV asal Israel (Genebank Accession Number KU 751816.1).Oreochromis niloticus is the main consumption fish commodity in Indonesia. The mortality cases of Nile tilapia have occurred in several culture sites in Java, Lombok, and Sumatra due to the infection of Orthomyxovirus, Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of TiLV infection in mass mortality case of Nile tilapia culture using the semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Fish samples were sourced from Segerongan Village Lingsar District, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. For RT-PCR analysis, samples from fish brain, kidney, spleen, and liver were collected and treated for sequencing analysis. The visual observation on the moribund tilapia had found several specific clinical symptoms such as eye cataract with sunken eyes, skin abrasion, and darkened body coloration. The result of RT-PCR analysis showed that mass mortalities of tilapia fish had been suspective caused by the infection TiLV RNA virus. The sequencing analysis showed that TiLV samples from Lombok have a genetic similarity of 97% with TiLV from Israeli (Genebank Accession Number KU 751816.1).

INFEKSI PENYAKIT IKAN BANGGAI CARDINAL (Pterapogon kauderni) DALAM RANTAI PERDAGANGAN Devita Tetra Adriany; Isti Koesharyani
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 12, No 3 (2017): (September 2017)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Banggai cardinal (Pterapogon kauderni) merupakan ikan hias endemik dari perairan Kepulauan Banggai, Sulawesi Tengah dan mulai dieksploitasi sejak tahun 1980. Ikan hias ini banyak diekspor ke berbagai negara. Namun, dengan banyaknya kasus infeksi penyakit seperti bakteri dan virus Banggai Cardinal Iridovirus (BCIV), sehingga permintaan ikan hias asal Indonesia ini menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri dan menginventarisasi alur kejadian infeksi penyakit pada rantai perdagangan ikan hias Banggai Cardinal mulai dari hasil tangkapan nelayan, pengumpul, dan eksportir. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel ikan masing-masing 15 ekor dari setiap rantai perdagangan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan parasit, jamur, bakteri, dan analisis virus BCIV. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa sampel ikan dari semua rantai perdagangan nelayan penangkap, pengumpul, dan eksportir tidak ditemukan infeksi parasit dan jamur. Sementara, pada infeksi bakteri diperoleh tujuh jenis bakteri yang terdapat di semua rantai perdagangan dan Vibrio alginolyticus merupakan bakteri dominan yang diperoleh dan bersifat patogen. Infeksi virus BCIV terdapat di tingkat pengumpul di Luwuk dengan prevalensi 86,67% dan di tingkat eksportir di Bali dan Manado masing-masing dengan prevalensi 20% dan 50%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diharapkan pelaku usaha ikan hias dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi penyakit tersebut agar dapat bersaing dalam pemasaran dengan menghasilkan produk ikan hias Indonesia yang mempunyai kualitas terbaik di dunia.Banggai cardinal fish is an ornamental fish endemic to the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi. It has been exploited since 1980’s. Banggai Cardinal fish has been export to various countries. However, with many cases of infectious diseases such as bacteria and virus Banggai Cardinal Iridovirus (BCIV), the demand for Banggai Cardinal from Indonesia is declining. The purpose of this study is to trace and inventorize the flow of disease infections in the trade chain of ornamental fish from fisherman, to collectors, and exporters. The analysis was done by taking samples of 15 fish from each trade chain. Observations included examination of parasites, fungi, bacteria, and BCIV analysis. The results showed that no parasite and fungus infecting the fish in all trades chains. Seven bacteria species have been indentified from the fish samples from all trades chains and Vibrio alginolyticus was the common pathogenic bacteria species infecting the fish. Infection of BCIV was found in one of collectors’ warehouse in Luwuk with the prevalence of 86.67% and at the exporters in Bali and Manado with the prevalence rate of 20% and 50% respectively. Based on the present results, we suggest that exporters must exercise a rigorous prevention program of the disease in order to be able to compete in the ornamental fish world market.

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