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POTASSIUM SOIL TEST CALIBRATION FOR CORN ON TYPIC HAPLUDOX CIGUDEG SUBIKSA, I GUSTI MADE; SABIHAM, SUPIYANDI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 30 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n30.2009.%p

Soil testing calibration is a process to provide meaning of soil test value in term of crops response. Research on soil testing calibration for corn has been carried out on Typic Hapludox Cigudeg. The objectives were: 1) to determine critical point of soil test value of K, 2) to determine the application rate of K fertilizer recommendation. The split plot design was used with consisted five rate of K fertilization on three K soil status as the main plots. There were four K soil test methods assessed to determine the critical point value for corn. K availability was classified into three categories namely low, medium, and high class. The results revealed that critical value of four soil testing methods for low, medium, and high respectively were : HCl 25% (<14, 14-29, and >29 mg 100 g-1), NH4OAc pH 7(<84 ppm, 84-220 ppm, and >220 ppm), Morgan (<70 ppm, 70-180 ppm, and >180 ppm), and Mechlich I (<54 ppm, 54-135 ppm, and >135 ppm). K fertilization significantly affected to corn plant height in the low soil K status until the rate of 60 kg K ha-1 (116 kg KCl ha-1). Dry biomass significantly increased due to K fertilization on low, medium as well as high soil K status. K fertilization also improved corn grain production. The ears of corn could not develop without K fertilization. This was an evidence that K nutrient has an important role in enzyme activity and assimilate translocation. Even with low rate of K fertilization, corn has succeeded to form ears and kernels. In the low soil K status, K fertilization sharply increased dry grain, but in the medium soil K status the curve was gentler. Whereas in the high soil K status, K fertilization did not significantly affect the dry grain yield. The recommended application rate of K fertilizationfor corn on Typic Hapludox Cigudeg with low K status was 89 kg K ha-1 and in the medium status was 53 kg K ha-1. Whereas in the high soil K status, no K fertilization was needed.

NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN FLOODED SOIL : APPLICATION OF RICE STRAW AND RICE STRAW COMPOSTS AND ITS EFFECT ON NITROGEN UPTAKE AND ACETYLENE REDUCTION ACTIVITY IN RICE PLANT RHIZOSPHERE INDRIYATI, L.T; SABIHAM, SUPIYANDI; DARUSMAN, L.K; SITUMORANG, R.; SUDARSONO, .; SISWORO, W.H
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

The use of organic materials aimed in reducing the dependence on inputs such as chemical fertilizers can contribute to sustainability and improving the low N fertilizer efficiency of rice plants in paddy soils. Therefore, better understanding of N transformation in flooded soils, particularly the microbial transformation of N-organic amendments to plant-available N, is needed for most efficient use of soil and organic materials N for aiding in the selection of N management practices for sustainable agriculture. The experiments were conducted at the laboratory and in the greenhouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Incubation experiment was conducted at room temperature for 120 days to observe the availability of N-NH4+ in soil amended rice straw or rice straw composts and its combination with urea. After 21 days of incubation period, the rice straw amended soils showed that NNH4+ release was higher than the other treatments. The 4-monthand 8-month-compost of rice straw showed that N mineralization rate was lower and the N availability was lower than rice straw. The results of pot experiment in greenhouse revealed that the added rice straw was comparable with urea in its effect on the increase of dry matter weight of rice plants, number of tillers, Nuptake of rice, and recovery N efficiency. The application of rice straw, however, promoted the activity of nitrogenase enzyme higher than rice straw composts. The effect of rice straw on observed parameters were much better than its composts.

COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHORUS FRACTION ON PEAT ADDED WITH MINERAL SOIL AMELIORANT AND P FERTILIZATION HARTATIK, WIWIK; IDRIS, K.; SABIHAM, SUPIYANDI; DJUNIWATI, S.; ADININGSIH, J. SRI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 21 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n21.2003.%p

Most of P on peat is in the form of organic P. Composition of P on peat, especially organic P, is rarely studied. Therefore fractionation of P on peat is important to know the proportion of inorganic and organic P and available P. The aim of the experiment was to study the composition of P added with mineral soil ameliorant and P fertilization. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor. Two hundreds g peat dry weight (105o) added with mineral soil ameliorant in the rate of 7.5% maximum Fe sorption which is equal to 10.4 g pot-1. The mixture of peat and mineral soil (Oxisols) was then added with P fertilizer and followed by incubation for 4 weeks. After incubation, the mixture was fractioned for P. P treatment consisting of four P fertilizer sources that are Maroko rockphosphate, Christmas rock phosphate, Ciamis rock phosphate and SP-36. Four P levels are 25, 50, 75, and 100% of P sorption plus partial complete control, and replicated two times. Composition of P in this study that is readily labile, moderately labile, and non labile. P fraction determinated with sequential extraction based on the method had been used by Ivanoff. The results showed that peat from Air Sugihan Kiri, South Sumatrawas poor (oligotropyc), acidic, and low exchangeable K and ash content. Most of P on the peat was in the proportion of organic P (around 77 up to 95%) and the rest was in a small amount, inorganic P (10 up to 23%). The composition of P organic fraction showed that the non labile was relatively the same P proportion with moderately labile, meanwhile the readily labile was low. Source and rock phosphate level did not affect theproportion of organic P. The application of Maroko and Ciamis rock phosphates at the level of 100% of P sorption increased available P (readily P inorganic). Non-labile inorganic P proportion from Christmas rock phosphate was higher than those from Maroko and Ciamis.

EFFECT OF OXALIC ACID, NA+, NH4 +, AND FE3+ ON AVAILABILITY OF SOIL K, PLANT N, P, AND K UPTAKE, AND MAIZE YIELD IN SMECTITIC SOILS NURSYAMSI, DEDI; IDRIS, K.; SABIHAM, SUPIYANDI; RACHIM, D.A; SOFYAN, AGUS
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 28 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n28.2008.%p

Smectitic soils have high prospect to be developed for agricultural land under a proper soil and plant management. The soils are commonly high in total K content. It?s availability for plant growth, however, is relatively low due to fixation by smectite in interlayer space. Researches aimed to study the effect of oxalic acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on availability of soilK, plant N, P, and K uptake, as well as maize yield in smectitic soils have been conducted in Laboratory of Research and Soil Test and Green House of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor. Four different types of bulk soil samples taken from Bogor (Typic Hapludalfs), Cilacap (Chromic Endoaquerts), Ngawi (Typic Endoaquerts), and Blora (Typic Haplustalfs) were used for experiments. Incubation and pot experiments were set up using Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design with three replication and pot experiment used maize of Pioneer 21 variety as plant indicator. The first factor was oxalic acid rates: 0; 1,000; 2,000; and 4,000 ppm, while the second one was application of cations: without cation, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ from NaCl, NH4Cl, and FeCl3 respectively with 50% of maximum adsorption rate. The Fe3+ with 50% of maximum adsorption rate caused plant death, thus the experiment was repeated in the nextseason with Fe3+ rates: 0, 125, 250, 375, and 500 ppm. The results showed that oxalic acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ significantly increased the availability of soil K in both Alfisols and Vertisols where the effect was higher in Vertisols than Alfisols. The effectiveness of the treatments to release K from non available to available K form in the soils was in order of Fe3+ > NH4+ > Na+ > oxalic acid. Oxalic acid significantly increasedplant N, P, and K uptake in Vertisols, while 125 ppm of Fe3+ significantly increased plant K uptake in Alfisols as well as N, P, and K uptake in Vertisols. Oxalic acid significantly increased 4- week-after-planting biomass dry yield in Typic Hapludalfs and Typic Endoaquerts, while 125 ppm of Fe3+ significantly increased the yield in Chromic Endoaquerts and Typic Endoaquerts.

The Influence of Rice Straw Compost on Soil Quality, Fe2+ and SO4 2- Solubility, and Rice Yield in Acid Sulphate Soil KHAIRIL ANWAR; SUPIYANDI SABIHAM; B. SUMAWINATA; A. SAPEI; T. ALIHAMSYAH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 24 (2006): Desember 2006
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n24.2006.%p

Oxidation of pyrite in acid sulphate soil reduced the quality of soil. The improvement of soil quality in paddy cultivation could be managed by the addition of organic matter together with regulating water to maintain its reductive condition. The objective of this research was to obtain information on the ability of rice straw compost in improving soil quality and rice production. The research was conducted in acid sulphate soil(Typic Sulfaquepts), with flooding during high tide (B type) at experimental field Belandean, Research Institute for Swamp LandAgriculture (Balittra), South Kalimantan, during dry season of 2003. Treatment for improving soil quality was in the form of the rate of application of rice straw compost. Research results indicated that the application of rice straw compost was capable to improve soil quality during vegetative phase substantiated by increasing soil pH and organic matter content, and decreasing exchangeable Al, and also increasing Fe2+ and SO42- solubility. All of the soil chemical properties determine rice production, and Alexchangeable has the highest correlation. Application of rice straw compost as much as 2.7 t ha-1 (dry weight equivalent) wascapable to increase the yield of rice by 48%. This research results indicated that the rice straw from harvest should be returned to the paddy soil.

Dominant Soil Characteristics that Effect on Available K at Smectitic Soils DEDI NURSYAMSI; K. IDRIS; SUPIYANDI SABIHAM; AGUS SOFYAN
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Research aimed to study dominant soil characteristics that effect on available K of smectitic soils were conducted in Laboratory of Research and Soil Test, Indonesian Soil Research Institute. The soil characteristics that has been analised were soil texture (pipette), organic-C (Kjeldahl), and CEC (NH4OAc); mineralogical analyses of clay fraction (X-Ray Diffraction); K fractionation: soil soluble-K (0.0002 M CaCl2), exchangeable-K (NH4OAc), and total-K (HNO3+HClO4); and potassium sorption. The results showed that the content of soil soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and total-K was in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The percentage of soil K fraction of the soils, however, was in order of soluble-K < exchangeable-K < non-exchangeable-K. Although the soils had high content in total K but most of them were in nonexchangeable form, thus they were not available for plant growth. Soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption were in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The bond energy constant of Vertisols, however, was similar with that of Alfisols but it was about twice with that of Inceptisols. Soil clay, organic-C, and CEC affected the availability of soil K significantly (P > 0.95). Smectite contributed significantly (P > 0.95) to soil negative charge so that it held an important role in controlling soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption. To increase the efficiency of K fertilizer, plant species that can produce organic acid exudated from roots in high quantity can be developed in smectitic soils. The use of Na, NH4, and Fe cations need also to be considered for K management in the soils as well.

The Role of Iron Oxide in The Characteristics of the Highly Weathered Soil ACHMAD HIDAYAT; S. HARDJOWIGENO; M. SOEKARDI; SUPIYANDI SABIHAM
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 20 (2002): Desember 2002
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n20.2002.%p

Iron oxide is generaly found in the clay mineral composition of highly weathered soil (low activity clay soil) like Oxisols. There is limited information about the role of iron oxide in Oxisols, on the other hand the information is very important when we want to make use of the Oxisols. This study was done to investigate the role of iron oxide in the soilcharacteristic especially CEC, pHo, available water, plasticity index, soil color and maximum phosphate absorption. Soil samples were taken based on Soil Survey Staffs (1991), from different kinds of highly weathered soil i e: Typic Hapludox, Plinthic Hapludox and Anionic Acrudox, each sample was taken from two locations. At each location sample was taken from three different site : upper, middle and lower slope. Chemical analysis was done to determin the level of Fe.d, Fe.o, Fe.p, CEC (NH4OAc 1 M), pHo, available water, atterberg index and maximum phosphate absorption, and soil characteristics that useful for soil classification. Data were analyzed using matrix correlation test, simple and multiple regression. Principle Component Analysis was used to solve when multicolinearity problem happen. Results show that the Anionic Acrudox has the highest content of Fe.d and Fe.o, varied from 12.03 – 12.27% and1.01 – 1.12% . Followed by Typic Hapludox varied from 9.52 – 10.57% and 0.31 – 0.46% respectively for Fe.d and Fe.o. The level of Fe.d and Fe.o for Plinthic Hapludox varied from 6.31 – 9.40% and 0.09 – 0.17%. The higher the iron oxide content the lower the cation exchange capasity and the higher of the pHo. Multi regression analysis results between CEC and some soil characteristics shows that Fe.d and Fe.o can indicate thehighest variability namely 35.8%. While correlation between pHo and Fe.o shows the highest correlation and highly significant (r² = 0.65).Iron oxide has highly effect on available water and plasticity index, the higher the iron oxide content, the higher is the available water and the lower the plastisity index. The higher the iron oxide content the higher is intensity of red color of the soil. And the higher the iron oxide content, the higher is the maximum phosphate absorption; this condition is disadvantageus for plants, because the phosphate is not available for plants.

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