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All Journal Inovasi : Jurnal Politik dan Kebijakan INOVASI: Jurnal Politik dan Kebijakan Global Forest Journal
Wanda Kuswanda
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI KONFLIK MANUSIA-GAJAH DI RESORT BESITANG, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY FOR MITIGATION HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT AT BESITANG RESORT OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL P Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 15 No 2 (2018): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 15 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2018
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.598 KB) | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v15i2.49

Abstract

One of the remaining elephants habitat is Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area, especially in the Besitang region. This study was aimed to identify the social-economic characteristics, land tenure, mapping and mitigation human-elephant conflict in Resort Besitang,GNLP. Data collection methods were carried out by distributing questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis use frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the potential area human-elephant conflicts at Besitang resort was identified in Halaban, Aras Senapal, Sekundur, Bukit Selamat as well as Bukit Mas Villages with low to high conflict intensity. The main cause of human-elephant conflict is fragmentation of forest area, uncertainty of land status in buffer zone, high population growth and rising migrants in Besitang region, encroachment and ilegal logging, lack of public awareness and role village institutions to participate on the elephants conservation. Policy recommendations for mitigation human-elephants conflict are 1) improving in elephants habitat fragmented at the GNLP area, 2) increase the role of Conservation Response Unit team, 3) establish rapid reaction units to handle human-elephant conflict by involving the stakeholders, 4) planting the plant species are not liked and shunned by the elephant, 5) reducing the communities agricultural systems does not require a large area, 6) to develop programs for help increase crop yields as well as 7) counseling to improve understanding that elephants are part of an ecosystem that must be protected. Keywords : elephant, conflict, habitat, Besitang, Gunung Leuser National Park.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PENYANGGA DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH UNTUK MENGURANGI KONFLIK MANUSIA DENGAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII LESSON): STUDI KASUS PELEPASLIARAN ORANGUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT TIGAPULUH, RIAU Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 14 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Inovasi Oktober 2017
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (931.017 KB)

Abstract

The demage of forest areas and land clearing in buffer zones for plantation, agricultural and village areas has resulted in widespread human-wildlife conflicts, such as orangutans. Orangutans out of the forests to feed and destroy plant, including the case in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP). This study aimed to obtain information on community characteristics, land use patterns in buffer zones as well as government policies for conflict mitigation between human and orangutans reintroduction at BTNP, Riau Province. The research was conducted in the buffer zone and the park area, from August to November 2016. Data were collected with questionnaires distribution, structured interviews and Focus Discussion Group on related communities and institutions. Data analysis are using frequency tables and descriptive analysis. Communities in the buffer zone of BTNP, especially in Siambul and Talang Langkat villages, are working as farmers and educated only to junior high school so that dependence on natural resources is very high and be triggers conflict with orangutans. The utilization of dominant land for oil palm and rubber plantations. Other cultivated plants are chocolate, banana, grapefruit, durian as well as jengkol. This plant species of cultivation are very interesting for orangutans so that out of the forest to consuming. Orangutan conflicts are occurred in the Batang Cinaku and Batang Gangsal Districts. Recommendations to conflict mitigation is the habitat improvement in national park with feed, the development of alternative economic for communities such as honeybees and farms, the establishment of a orangutan monitoring team, socialization and counseling about habits, behavior and benefit orangutans, enforcement of encroachment and illegal logger, the revitalization of the system and the culture of agriculture move, especially on Talang Mamak and the Melayu Ethnics. This recommendation is also expected to be a reference for the government in North Sumatra because the orangutans conflict is found also at Langkat, South Tapanuli and West Pakpak. Keywords: community, orangutan conflicts, land, oil and national parks
Pengetahuan, Persepsi dan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Ekowisata Gajah di Kawasan Aek Nauli, Danau Toba Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 16 No 2 (2019): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 16 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2019
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (531.036 KB) | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v16i2.150

Abstract

The development of tourist destinations is very important to increase the return of traveler to Lake Toba, North Sumatra. The Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) is one of the locations that being developed in the Special Purpose Forest Region (SPFR) of Aek Nauli as a location conservation and scientific tourism for Sumatran elephants. Elephant was chosen an 'icon' for new ecotourism because them are animals that attract communities. This study aims to obtain information about knowledge and visitor perceptions as well as policy recommendations to develop elephant scientific tourism for supporting the tourist visits to Lake Toba in ANECC, SPFR of Aek Nauli, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the ANECC area for six months, starting from May to October 2018. Data collection were used by questionnaires and interviews. Respondents are ANECC visitors who were selected by using the purposive random sampling method. Data analysis is carried out quantitatively whit frequency tables. The results showed that visitors knowledge about the existence of elephant ecotourism came from friends and social media. They visited ANECC for curiosity and interest in the presence of elephants. Perception of 85% respondents is positive for elephant scientific tourism because of good service, elephant attractions presentation and adequate facilities and free. The policy references are recommended for the ANECC development as follows implement to animal welfare and health for elephants, reinforce coordination and communication between managers, develop cooperation with business society (travel and hotels), to make ecotourism packages that integrated with Lake Toba, improve promotion through internet marketing and social networking and collaborating with local communities.
VISITORS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS INFRASTRUCTURE, ECOLOGICAL QUALITY AND THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN THE REGION OF ANECC IN AEK NAULI Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 18 No 1 (2021): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 18 NO. 1 MEI 2021
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v18i1.278

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine visitor perceptions of facilities, ecological quality and willingness to pay at ANECC (Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp), Aek Nauli Special Purpose Areas. The study was conducted in September to November 2018. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collected in this study came from primary data (interviews with respondents namely ANECC visitors). The selection of respondents was carried out by purposive random sampling and data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative descriptive. The visitor's perception of the facilities at ANECC is quite good although there are still a few things that need to be improved. The majority of visitors come to ANECC to see elephants as much as 72%, enjoy the natural atmosphere as much as 27% and beautiful scenery as much as 23%. Visitors agree (76%) if admission is charged and around 43% are willing to pay IDR 5,000. Visitors are willing to pay to help elephant conservation by 92%. If there is an attraction to ride an elephant, the majority of visitors are willing to pay IDR 30,000 – IDR 39,000, - for 10-15 minutes outside the entry ticket. Willingness to pay the majority of visitors to see the elephant attraction show IDR 10,000 - IDR 15,000 - although 33% of respondents are willing to pay IDR 20,000 - IDR 25,000. Visitors also recommend ANECC management to improve facilities, maintain environmental quality to increase the attractiveness of visitors and PNBP sources because the WTP value of visitors is quite good.
Criteria,institusional,and priority policies in mitigating conflict between human and Tapanuli orangutans in North Sumatra Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 19 No 2 (2022): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 19 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2022
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v19i2.534

Abstract

The conflict between humans and orangutan tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis) in North Sumatra has increased in the last five years. Their conflicts are caused by deforestation, land clearing, crop damage, and climate change. This study aims to obtain information on criteria and priority institutions as well as policy recommendations in mitigating human-orangutan tapanuli conflict to create a harmonious relationship between them in the future. We have collected data by distributing questionnaires by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and structured interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Expert Choice and Microsoft Excel 2010 Software. The priority criteria were ecological restoration (habitat and population) and community economic empowerment. The most appropriate institutions to implement the mitigation program are the government and customary institutions. Private companies and NGOs can support and engage in government programs. The recommended policies and programs include 1) the parties to encourage regulations for dealing with human-wildlife conflicts (Permenhut No. 48 of 2008) into government regulations; 2) restoration of the ecological needs of orangutans through increasing security in conservation forests, establishing animal conservation blocks in the Forest Management Unit and developing animal corridors; and 3) increasing economic empowerment and local wisdom of the community through the development of ecotourism villages, building fishery and animal husbandry centers and increasing the role of local wisdom in land management. Keywords: conflict, government, community, tapanuli orangutans; forest.
KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI KONFLIK MANUSIA-GAJAH DI RESORT BESITANG, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY FOR MITIGATION HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT AT BESITANG RESORT OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL P Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 15 No 2 (2018): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 15 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2018
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v15i2.49

Abstract

One of the remaining elephants habitat is Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area, especially in the Besitang region. This study was aimed to identify the social-economic characteristics, land tenure, mapping and mitigation human-elephant conflict in Resort Besitang,GNLP. Data collection methods were carried out by distributing questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis use frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the potential area human-elephant conflicts at Besitang resort was identified in Halaban, Aras Senapal, Sekundur, Bukit Selamat as well as Bukit Mas Villages with low to high conflict intensity. The main cause of human-elephant conflict is fragmentation of forest area, uncertainty of land status in buffer zone, high population growth and rising migrants in Besitang region, encroachment and ilegal logging, lack of public awareness and role village institutions to participate on the elephants conservation. Policy recommendations for mitigation human-elephants conflict are 1) improving in elephants habitat fragmented at the GNLP area, 2) increase the role of Conservation Response Unit team, 3) establish rapid reaction units to handle human-elephant conflict by involving the stakeholders, 4) planting the plant species are not liked and shunned by the elephant, 5) reducing the communities agricultural systems does not require a large area, 6) to develop programs for help increase crop yields as well as 7) counseling to improve understanding that elephants are part of an ecosystem that must be protected. Keywords : elephant, conflict, habitat, Besitang, Gunung Leuser National Park.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PENYANGGA DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH UNTUK MENGURANGI KONFLIK MANUSIA DENGAN ORANGUTAN (PONGO ABELII LESSON): STUDI KASUS PELEPASLIARAN ORANGUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT TIGAPULUH, RIAU Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 14 No 2 (2017): Jurnal Inovasi Oktober 2017
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The demage of forest areas and land clearing in buffer zones for plantation, agricultural and village areas has resulted in widespread human-wildlife conflicts, such as orangutans. Orangutans out of the forests to feed and destroy plant, including the case in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP). This study aimed to obtain information on community characteristics, land use patterns in buffer zones as well as government policies for conflict mitigation between human and orangutans reintroduction at BTNP, Riau Province. The research was conducted in the buffer zone and the park area, from August to November 2016. Data were collected with questionnaires distribution, structured interviews and Focus Discussion Group on related communities and institutions. Data analysis are using frequency tables and descriptive analysis. Communities in the buffer zone of BTNP, especially in Siambul and Talang Langkat villages, are working as farmers and educated only to junior high school so that dependence on natural resources is very high and be triggers conflict with orangutans. The utilization of dominant land for oil palm and rubber plantations. Other cultivated plants are chocolate, banana, grapefruit, durian as well as jengkol. This plant species of cultivation are very interesting for orangutans so that out of the forest to consuming. Orangutan conflicts are occurred in the Batang Cinaku and Batang Gangsal Districts. Recommendations to conflict mitigation is the habitat improvement in national park with feed, the development of alternative economic for communities such as honeybees and farms, the establishment of a orangutan monitoring team, socialization and counseling about habits, behavior and benefit orangutans, enforcement of encroachment and illegal logger, the revitalization of the system and the culture of agriculture move, especially on Talang Mamak and the Melayu Ethnics. This recommendation is also expected to be a reference for the government in North Sumatra because the orangutans conflict is found also at Langkat, South Tapanuli and West Pakpak. Keywords: community, orangutan conflicts, land, oil and national parks
Pengetahuan, Persepsi dan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Ekowisata Gajah di Kawasan Aek Nauli, Danau Toba Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 16 No 2 (2019): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 16 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2019
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v16i2.150

Abstract

The development of tourist destinations is very important to increase the return of traveler to Lake Toba, North Sumatra. The Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) is one of the locations that being developed in the Special Purpose Forest Region (SPFR) of Aek Nauli as a location conservation and scientific tourism for Sumatran elephants. Elephant was chosen an 'icon' for new ecotourism because them are animals that attract communities. This study aims to obtain information about knowledge and visitor perceptions as well as policy recommendations to develop elephant scientific tourism for supporting the tourist visits to Lake Toba in ANECC, SPFR of Aek Nauli, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the ANECC area for six months, starting from May to October 2018. Data collection were used by questionnaires and interviews. Respondents are ANECC visitors who were selected by using the purposive random sampling method. Data analysis is carried out quantitatively whit frequency tables. The results showed that visitors knowledge about the existence of elephant ecotourism came from friends and social media. They visited ANECC for curiosity and interest in the presence of elephants. Perception of 85% respondents is positive for elephant scientific tourism because of good service, elephant attractions presentation and adequate facilities and free. The policy references are recommended for the ANECC development as follows implement to animal welfare and health for elephants, reinforce coordination and communication between managers, develop cooperation with business society (travel and hotels), to make ecotourism packages that integrated with Lake Toba, improve promotion through internet marketing and social networking and collaborating with local communities.
VISITORS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS INFRASTRUCTURE, ECOLOGICAL QUALITY AND THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN THE REGION OF ANECC IN AEK NAULI Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 18 No 1 (2021): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 18 NO. 1 MEI 2021
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v18i1.278

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine visitor perceptions of facilities, ecological quality and willingness to pay at ANECC (Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp), Aek Nauli Special Purpose Areas. The study was conducted in September to November 2018. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collected in this study came from primary data (interviews with respondents namely ANECC visitors). The selection of respondents was carried out by purposive random sampling and data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative descriptive. The visitor's perception of the facilities at ANECC is quite good although there are still a few things that need to be improved. The majority of visitors come to ANECC to see elephants as much as 72%, enjoy the natural atmosphere as much as 27% and beautiful scenery as much as 23%. Visitors agree (76%) if admission is charged and around 43% are willing to pay IDR 5,000. Visitors are willing to pay to help elephant conservation by 92%. If there is an attraction to ride an elephant, the majority of visitors are willing to pay IDR 30,000 – IDR 39,000, - for 10-15 minutes outside the entry ticket. Willingness to pay the majority of visitors to see the elephant attraction show IDR 10,000 - IDR 15,000 - although 33% of respondents are willing to pay IDR 20,000 - IDR 25,000. Visitors also recommend ANECC management to improve facilities, maintain environmental quality to increase the attractiveness of visitors and PNBP sources because the WTP value of visitors is quite good.
Criteria,institusional,and priority policies in mitigating conflict between human and Tapanuli orangutans in North Sumatra Wanda Kuswanda
Inovasi Vol 19 No 2 (2022): JURNAL INOVASI VOL. 19 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2022
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33626/inovasi.v19i2.534

Abstract

The conflict between humans and orangutan tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis) in North Sumatra has increased in the last five years. Their conflicts are caused by deforestation, land clearing, crop damage, and climate change. This study aims to obtain information on criteria and priority institutions as well as policy recommendations in mitigating human-orangutan tapanuli conflict to create a harmonious relationship between them in the future. We have collected data by distributing questionnaires by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and structured interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Expert Choice and Microsoft Excel 2010 Software. The priority criteria were ecological restoration (habitat and population) and community economic empowerment. The most appropriate institutions to implement the mitigation program are the government and customary institutions. Private companies and NGOs can support and engage in government programs. The recommended policies and programs include 1) the parties to encourage regulations for dealing with human-wildlife conflicts (Permenhut No. 48 of 2008) into government regulations; 2) restoration of the ecological needs of orangutans through increasing security in conservation forests, establishing animal conservation blocks in the Forest Management Unit and developing animal corridors; and 3) increasing economic empowerment and local wisdom of the community through the development of ecotourism villages, building fishery and animal husbandry centers and increasing the role of local wisdom in land management. Keywords: conflict, government, community, tapanuli orangutans; forest.
Co-Authors Anita Zaitunah Rizky Nasution Samsuri