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Abu Bakar
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AL-ṢAHĪFAH AL-MADANIYAH: Konstitusi Negara Masa Kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad Saw Abu Bakar
Al-Maslahah : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 12, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah (Syari'ah Faculty )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.281 KB) | DOI: 10.24260/almaslahah.v12i1.340

Abstract

In Islamic History, the period of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was the most ideal period of leadership even viewed from the thought of modern politics. It was a glorious period especially for Arabs in the seventh century. The presence of the prophet has changed Arabian jahiliah character into laudable morality based on Islamic teachings. In Madina, the prophet was well-welcomed as a leader. This was very different from the condition in Mecca in which many people hated him so much. In madina, he succeeded in establishingsocio-politics between Muslim and non-Muslim or between Arab and non-Arab. The basic element of the socio-politics was al-Ṣahīfah al-Madaniyah in which all persons of Madiana society were bounded according to common agreement. Ṣahīfah consisted of valuable principles: integration, brotherhood, equality, freedom, justice, legal security, defence, peace, and leadership. Based on constitutional theory, al-Ṣahīfah al-Madaniyah was a form of constitutional state. In other words, during the prophet’s period, Madina was a state with an ideal type of social system.
The Republic of Turkey, From An Islamic Caliphate To A Nation State Abu Bakar
Al-Maslahah : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 14, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah (Syari'ah Faculty )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.888 KB) | DOI: 10.24260/al-maslahah.v14i1.1037

Abstract

Ottoman Caliphate in Istanbul was the last empire based on Islamic caliphate system. It ruled some regions in Asia, Africa and Europe. Islam as a supra identify was able to unite nations under the flag of Islamic caliphate. The decline of Ottoman caliphate was inevitable as the effect of social development and international political dynamics that led to the caliphate’s engagement in World War I. Islamic caliphate was considered fail to save the empire that led to immerging idea of nationalism in order to recover ottoman people who lost the battle. The nationalism of Turkey was ruled by military that latter turned into Nation State of The Republic of Turkey. Therefore, the idea of Islamic caliphate must be diminished and replaced by secularism. This led to the conflict between Islamists and nationalists, and eventually nation state of turkey managed to get rid of Islamic caliphate system.
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