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The Study of Interior Monologue in Houshang Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab, Virginia Woolf’s Two Selected Novels, Mrs. Dalloway and to the Lighthouse; A Comparative Study Narges Raoufzadeh; Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh; Shahrzad Mohammad Hosein
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i2.888

Abstract

This paper aims to compare interior monologue which is a modern technique in three selected novels.  Comparing Houshang Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab with Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Golshiri has made use of both direct and indirect interior monologues in his master piece, Shazdeh Ehtejab. An early example in Persian fiction which has a great emphasis on form and techniques of narrating the story. The present study will examine, in detail the creation of interior monologue through the minds of characters with reference to Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab and Virginia Woolf’s two selected novels, Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Focusing on the narrative techniques used by these two modernist writers and deals with illustrations from the novel and its explanations. The aim of this study is to show how Golshiri and Woolf try to move deeply into the character’s consciousness. They use the narrative technique, Interior Monologue, in their novels that deals with the flow of ideas, thoughts, feelings, and sensation.
The Image of Women in Eastern and Western Epic literature: Shahnameh and Odyssey Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh; Narges Raoufzadeh; Shiva Zaheri Birgani
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i2.889

Abstract

The   research   examines two epics, one from the East and one from the West with regards to the question of woman and her images in early epic literature. The epics were selected from the literature. The epics were selected from the literature of two cultures, both of which, in different historical periods produced the most advanced civilizations of their time. The Persian epic, The Shahnameh (the book of Kings) was tooted in the ancient Indo-Iranian pagan as well as Zoroastrian traditions, an epic of approximately 60,000 couplets rewritten in the tenth century A. D. in the final, completed from which has reached us today. The Greek exemplar was the odyssey of Homer, epic with which Greek literature begins and widely influences not only the later periods of Greek literature but also the entire Western literature; this epic is also widely known in the East. Central to our study of The Shahnameh and Homeric epics were the themes of dynamism, the individuality of characters and their struggles in the epic world, the resourcefulness of the human mind ascribed to them, the subject of human crises, and irony, all of which are deep-seated components marking the central literary qualities of these epics. Women are indispensable in the early epics of both traditions and more often than not highly regarded by epic heroes in general and the narrators of the stories in particular. In both Eastern and Western example the structure split the female image in two opposite directions: one force is represented by exalted, praiseworthy, and positive images which also endow the women of The Shahnameh and the Homeric poems with powerful characteristics.
Rethinking Language in Irigaray’s Mimesis Applied in David Mamet’s Oleanna Shahrzad Mohammad Hossein; Narges Raoufzadeh; Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i3.1185

Abstract

Throughout history, women have always sought their rights and place and this has long been the subject of much debate among writers and critics. So writers and critics, both men and women have reflected this issue in their works in different ways. From the very outset of her career, Luce Irigaray showed a keen interest in the exploration of the key role that language has in determining how women are evaluated in their society and the position they hold in it. In order to show resistance to masculine values imposed on them, women resort to strongholds such as mimesis in opposition. This paper aims to primarily, trace the backgrounds of this notion, secondly, to pursue the effect and use of it by women characters and to depict in what way it is employed as a means of resistance. Examples that will be provided shall be selected from the play “Oleanna”, a modern play written by David Mamet.
The Presence or Absence of Female Characters in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Shahrzad Mohammad Hossein; Narges Raoufzadeh; Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i3.1119

Abstract

Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley (1979 – 1851), the daughter and later the wife of one of the keenest critics in England, wrote the novel Frankenstein (1818) when she was only nineteen years old. Since its publication, the novel has been the subject of many literary discussions due to the myriad controversial issues discovered in the novel in the light of different literary approaches; such as, eco-criticism, feminism, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, queer studies and post-colonial studies to name a few. This paper aims to discover whether it is a fact that the novel is flawed, mainly due to the absence of forceful female characters. The novel’s schematic arrangement of characters was deemed as deficient simply because, first of all, readers had developed the wrong kind of expectation from the author and secondly, they were not giving the novel the critical, observant reading that it deserved. Contrary to what a superficial reading of the work will reveal, this novel is not deficient at all if it comes to the presence of female characters. Instances from the novel can depict and illustrate this claim and it is only weak traditional readings of the novel which tend to overlook its intensely sexual materials. In the light of such findings, Frankenstein can be judged as one of the most bewildering, intricate works of literature of the Victorian era.
An Adlerian Reading of Personality Development in Emma Donoghue’s Room Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh; Narges Raoufzadeh; Shiva Zaheri Birgani; Mehrnaz Khoshgam
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 6, No 3 (2023): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, August
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v6i3.7708

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the sadness that led to the trauma of the main characters Ma and Jack in the Room novel by Emma Donoghue. This research aims to understand and find out what is being experienced by Ma in the Room novel by Emma Donoghue. This research aims to illustrate the effect of economic situation on individual's thoughts, lives, norms and values, and to show how this writer, has rendered the personality development in his contemporary society. The significance of the study lies in the fact that most of Emma Donoghue`s novel, mostly the earlier ones, have similar themes but the researcher is going to find personality development in his novel namely, In Room by finding Inferiority Complex, Striving for Success or Superiority, freedom of choice, conscious and unconscious for individualization Process, and social interest issues in the light of Adlerian personality development theory. The researcher tries to highlights how the characters struggle in society and consciously or unconsciously they are trying to discover self.  The best advantage point for understanding the behavior of an individual is from the internal frame of reference from the individual him- or herself. The striving for significance is a movement toward fulfillment of the goal to achieve unique identity and to belong. Adler believed that each person strove for self-improvement having an innate desire to become better, to move forward and onward, to become superior. Adler did not feel that striving for perfection and superiority was a striving for superiority or perfection over others, but rather that it was a movement directed at self-improvement and greater competency. Thus, Room as a literary text represents the psychological state of the characters. Symbols and Characters can be analyzed according to psychoanalytic theory of Alfred Adler.