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All Journal Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Bawal : Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia
Arif Wibowo
Balai Penelitian Perikanan Perairan Umum, Palembang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIA MAHSEER (Tor tambroides, Bleeker, 1854), IN TWO DIFFERENT RIVERS IN WESTERN SUMATERA Arif Wibowo; Siswanta Kaban
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2014): (December 2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Fisheries

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1190.621 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/ifrj.20.2.2014.49-57

Abstract

The reproductive characteristics of mahseer, Tor. tambroides, were studied in Manna River and Batang Tarusan River, which are located on each side of Western Sumatera River. The reproductive period of T. tambroides is largely consistent with that described for the species in other areas, however monthly variations in the extent and timing of peak spawning are recorded. The analysis of the sex ratio indicates an increase in the percentage of females with size, more marked in largest sizes. Seasonal patterns in the occurrences of spawning showed that the spawning season in Manna River lasted was similar with that in Batang Tarusan River, although a second prominent increase of GSI was observed in April and September in Manna River, meanwhile the GSI of Batang Tarusan River fish were below 2 without an apparent variation. L50s of Manna River and Batang Tarusan River mahseer were estimated as 24.5 cm and 20.66 cm, respectively, indicating a high variability in size at first maturity of the mahseer population. Our study provides some important information on the reproductive biology of T. tambroides that will be helpful in similar studies and contributed to fisheries management of this species.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK IKAN SEMAH (Tor tambroides BLEKER 1854) DI SUNGAI MANNA, BENGKULU DAN SUNGAI SEMANKA, LAMPUNG Arif Wibowo
BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Vol 4, No 2 (2012): (Agustus 2012)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3526.507 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/bawal.4.2.2012.105-112

Abstract

Ikan semah adalah ikan air tawar Indonesia yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan jarang ditemukan, hidup di hulu sungai dengan kondisi perairan yang jernih dan kebutuhan oksigen tinggi. Untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan ikan semah diperlukan informasi keragaman genetik sampai pada penanda molekuler.Molekul DNA dapat berfungsi menjadi penanda molekular yang mampu mengidentifikasi perbedaan genetik langsung pada level DNA sebagai komponen genetik. Penelitian tentang keragaman genetik ikan semah dilakukan  pada tahun 2011 di Sungai Manna, Bengkulu dan Sungai Semanka, Lampung. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan penanda molekuler ikan semah dari Sungai Manna, Bengkulu dan Sungai Semanka, Lampung. Contoh diambil secara acak,  darah dan jaringan otot ikan semah dari masing-masing spesimen dikoleksi dan diekstraksi menggunakan “Geneaid DNA ekstraksi kit”. Bagian gen mtDNA yang digunakan adalah gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI). Analisis keragaman genetik yang meliputi penanda genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan ikan semah berdasarkan runutan nukleotida dan asam amino, dilakukan menggunakan program MEGA versi 4.0 dengan metode bootstrapped Neighbor Joining dengan 1000 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi basa nukleotida untuk ikan semah dari Sungai Manna dan Semanka mengidentifikasi 4 situs nukleotida yang bervasiasi dan semuanya parsimoni informatif. Basa nukleotida dari gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) dapat dijadikan penanda genetik spesifik antara ikan semah, spesies Tor tambroides  dengan genus Tor yang lain. Tor tambroides yang berasal dari Bengkulu dan Lampung (Indonesia) juga memiliki basa nukleotida spesifik yang membedakannya dengan Tor tambroides  dari luar Indonesia, bahkan bisa menjadi penanda genetik spesifik lokasi Bengkulu dan Lampung. Masher is Indonesian fresh water fish species, has a high economic value and is rarely found in nature. This species inhabit river upstream with clear water conditions and has high oxygen demand. In order to maintain the sustainability of masher fish information on the genetic diversity include molecular markers is required. DNA molecules can also serve as molecular markers that can identify genetic differences directly at the level of DNA as a genetic component. Research on the genetic diversity of masher fish was conducted in 2011 at the Manna River, Bengkulu and Semanka River, Lampung. The research objective was to determine the genetic diversity and molecular markers of masher fish from Manna River, Bengkulu and Semanka River, Lampung. Samples were collected at random, blood and muscle tissue of each specimen was collected and extracted using the "Geneaid DNA extraction kit". The parts of mtDNA used is gene cytochrome oxidase subunit gene is I (COI). Analysis of genetic diversity, including genetic markers and kinship relations based on the sequence of nucleotide and amino acid from the collected masher fish, was conducted using the MEGA program version 4.0 with bootstrapped Neighbor Joining method with 1000 repetitions. The results showed that nucleotide base composition of masher fish from Manna and Semanka river identified four variable nucleotide sites and all parsimony informative. Nucleotide bases of the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) can serve as specific genetic markers between masher fish species, genus Tor spp with others. Tor Tambroides from Bengkulu and Lampung (Indonesia) also have has a specific nucleotide bases that distinguish them from Tor tambroides outside Indonesia, moreover it can be location-specific genetic markers from Bengkulu and Lampung.
KARAKTERISTIK SUMBERDAYA IKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN PERAIRAN SUNGAI YANG BERMUARA KE PANTAI BARAT SUMATERA Husnah Husnah; Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2012): (November 2012)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (873.037 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jkpi.4.2.2012.69-78

Abstract

Karakteristik sumberdaya ikan merupakan komponen yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan karena komponen tersebut akan menentukan alokasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan dan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan di laut maupun perairan umum. Informasi karakteristik sumberdaya ikan dan pengelolaan sungai yang bermuara ke pantai barat sumatera seperti Sungai Manna dan Semangka sangat terbatas. Informasi masyarakat mengindikasikan telah terjadi penurunan hasil tangkapan ikan. Tulisan ini memaparkan karakteristik dan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di Sungai Mana dan Semangka yang merupakan hasil kegiatan penelitian pada tahun 2011. Sungai Manna dan Semangka dicirikan dengan keragaman jenis habitat, jenis ikan yang relatif rendah dan sifat kegiatan perikanan yang sambilan, namun pada umumnya memiliki ikan ekonomis penting seperti ikan Semah (Tor sp) dan Sidat (Anguilla sp). Selain pembukaan lahan di bagian hulu, tekanan terhadap kedua populasi ikan tersebut lebih banyak disebabkan oleh kegiatan perikanan yang tidak ramah lingkungan seperti strum dan racum yang diaplikasikan pada lubuk sungai yang merupakan habit induk ikan semah dan sidat. Upaya pengelolaan terhadap sumberdaya ikan di kedua sungai tersebut telah ada berupa sosialisasi tentang larangan penangkapan ikan dengan alat kurang ramah lingkungan. Namun upaya pengawasan dan implementasi sanksi hukuman terhadap pelangggaran peraturan tersebut belum dilaksanakan. Pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan dan perikanan di kedua sungai tersebut didasarkan pada prinsip keterpaduan dan tanggung jawab yang lebih difokuskan pada pengelolaan habitat dan populasi jenis ikan ekonomis tertentu seperti Ikan Semah dan Ikan Sidat. Beberapa alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang diperlukan diantaranya adalah pembentukan konservasi in situ berupa suaka perikanan pada beberapa lubuk (lubuk larangan) khususnya pada lokasi banyak ditemukannya benih dan induk ikan seperti di Air Tenam di hulu Sungai Manna dan Suoh di Sungai Semangka. Alternatif pengelolaan lainnya adalah peningkatan produksi ikan Semah melalui restocking induk ataupun benih.Fisheries management practices such as allocation of fish resources utilization and permitted total fish catch in marine and inland waters relate to the characteristic of fish resources. Geomorphplogical condition as well as fish resources and fisheries of rivers flow through to the western Sumatra estuary such as Manna River and Semangka River are different from the rivers flow through to eastern Sumatra estuary. Information on characteristic and management of fish resources in these rivers is limited while there is indication declining fish catch in these rivers. This paper discribed characteristic and management of Manna and Semangka rivers based on a study conducted in 2011. Rivers flow through to the western part of Sumatra estuary are characterized by constrained shape rivers, low habitat and fish diversity, low fish yield, subsistence fisheries and with two important economical fish such as carps (Tor sp) and eels (Anguilla sp). In addition to forest clearance at the upper stream, population of these fish were mostly threaten by illegal fishing such us application of electro fishing and poison. Desimination of about prohibition operation of unfriendly fishing gears has been conducted by the local government, however it does not followed by implementing the law enforcement. The fisheries management of Manna and Semangka rivers should be based on the integration and responsible principle and should be focused on the habitat and population of the two economical fish. The alternative fisheries management strategies are in situ conservation such as establishment of fisheries reserves situated at the river pools specially the site area with abundant fish fries and fish brooders such as in Air Tenam Manna River and Suoh in Semangka River. Enhancing of fish stock through restocking fish at fry and brooder size is other management strategy which could be applied in such rivers.
Co-Authors Husnah Husnah Siswanta Kaban