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All Journal Bawal : Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap
Arif Wibowo
Balai Penelitian Perikanan Perairan Umum Palembang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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FENOMENA PLASTISITAS FENOTIPIK IKAN BELIDA (Chitala lopis) DI SUNGAI KAMPAR, RIAU Arif Wibowo; Marson Marson
BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Vol 4, No 3 (2012): (Desember 2012)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (252.853 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/bawal.4.3.2012.195-204

Abstract

Karakter morfologi seperti ukuran tubuh dan penghitungan meristik telah lama digunakan untuk menggambarkan stok ikan dan masih digunakan sampai saat ini. Pada awalnya variasi karakter morfologi diasumsikan sebagai substansi genetik belaka, namun demikian seringkali terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dalam hal identifikasi stok ikan menggunakan pendekatan morfologi dan genetik, hal ini disebabkan oleh karakter morfologi yang mengalami plastisitas fenotipik. Untuk melihat fenomena plastisitas fenotipik pada ikan belida (Chitala lopis) dilakukan analisa morfologi dan genetik. Analisa morfologi dilakukan pada 22 karakter ikan belida yang diperoleh dari lima stasiun sampling di Sungai Kampar Provinsi Riau. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukan pengambilan sampel ikan belida di Sungai Musi (Sumatera Selatan) dan Sungai Barito (Kalimantan Selatan). Analisa genetik menggunakan data base runutan rangkaian D_Loop mtDNA yang ada di GenBank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan identifikasi stok menggunakan morfologi dan genetik. Karakter morfologi ikan belida di Sungai Kampar memperlihatkan pola heterogenitas berdasarkan lokasi geografis, adanya fenomena plastisitas fenotipik. Analisa menggunakan runutan rangkaian D_Loop mtDNA mengungkap keberadaan ikan belida di Sungai Kampar Provinsi Riau, yang terdiri dari dua unit populasi, yaitu populasi bagian hilir dan populasi bagian hulu. Phenotypic variation in morphological characters such as body shape and meristic count has long been used to delineate stocks of fish and continue to be used today. Variation in such characters was assumed to be purely genetic in early studies, however, spectacular differences can occur in the extent of genetic and morphological differentiation between groups of fish. This is due to morphological characters undergo a phenotypic plasticity. In order to reveal phenotypic plasticity phenomenon on giant featherback (Chitala lopis), the morphology and genetic analysis were conducted. Morphology analysis was observed on 22 characters on giant featherback from five stations sampling in Kampar River and as a comparison, samples from Musi River (South Sumatra) and Barito River (South Kalimantan) are also subject to analyze. Genetic analysis by using D-Loop mtDNA sequences from GenBank data base. The research shows that there is a different between stocks using morphological and genetic analysis. The morphological characters exhibit pattern of heterogeneity base on geography location, phenotypic plasticity. Genetic analysis reveals the existence two stock of giant featherback in Kampar River, the upper and down stream stock.
STRUKTURGENETIKPOPULASI IKANBELIDA (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) DIWADUK KUTOPANJANG Arif Wibowo
BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Vol 4, No 1 (2012): (April 2012)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (314.793 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/bawal.4.1.2012.53-58

Abstract

Bendungan atau waduk memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia, menyediakan air, mengendalikan banjir, irigasi pertanian, fasilitasi navigasi, pariwisata, dan pembangkit tenaga listrik. Namun demikian, waduk menghasilkan fragmentasi habitat dan perubahan ekosistem yang memiliki dampak bagi fauna perairan. Penelitian tentang genetika populasi ikan belida (Chitala lopis) dilakukan  pada tahun 2010 di Waduk Kutopanjang dan Sungai Kampar Provinsi Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena integritas genetik populasi ikan belida (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) di Waduk Kutopanjang dan Sungai Kampar. Contoh diambil secara acak dengan jumlah 10 spesimen di Waduk Kutopanjang dan 38 spesimen di Sungai Kampar. Darah ikan belida dari masing-masing spesimen  dikoleksi dan diekstraksi menggunakan “Geneaid DNA ekstraksi kit”. Bagian gen mtDNA yang digunakan adalah daerah D_Loop. Integrasi genetik kelompok ikan belida di Sungai Kampar dan Waduk Kutopanjang dibandingkan melalui analisis filogeni Neighbour Joining (NJ) Kimura 2 parameter. Analisa jarak genetik Nei menggunakan Program MEGA 4.0 dan AMOVA dalam Program ARLEQUIN 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan populasi ikan belida di waduk Kutopanjang secara genetik tidak berbeda dengan populasi ikan belida di Sungai Kampar. Reservoir or man made lake plays important role in human lives, providing water, flood control, agriculture irrigation, navigation facilities, tourism and hydroelectric power plant. However, reservoir leads to habitat fragmentation and environmental changes which have negative impacts on aquatic animal. Research on genetic population of giant featherback conducted in 2010 at Kutopanjang reservoir and Kampar River Riau Province. The research objective is to determine genetic structure of giant featherback population (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) in Kutopanjang reservoir and Kampar River. Samples were randomly selected in large of 10 specimens in Kutopanjang reservoir and 38 specimens from Kampar River. Giant fetaherback’s blood from each specimen was collected and extracted using “Geneaid DNA extraction kit”. The part of DNA mitochondrial that been utilized was gen D_loop. Genetic structure of giant featherback between Kampar River and Kutopanjang reservoir were compared using analysis of phylogeny neighbor Joining (NJ) Kimura 2 parameters. Nei’s genetic distance calculated using MEGA 4.0 and AMOVA in Arlequin 4.0 program. The result informs that giant featherback population in Kutopanjang reservoirs is genetically similar with Kampar River. 
Co-Authors Marson Marson