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B. B. Budkowska
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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INVESTIGATION OF SHORT-TERM RUTTING PROCESS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SYSTEM WITH GEOGRID - REINFORCEMENTS BY HOMOGENIZATION METHOD B. B. Budkowska; J. Yu
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 2, Dec (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper presents the investigations on short-term rutting that is developed in standard and geogrid-reinforced flexible pavement structure. The main source of the supporting experimental data acquisition on studied type of rutting was provided by laboratory records that had been published in technical literature. The experimental research focused on the development of clear grounds indicating that geogrid-reinforcement is the effective method of reduction of permanent deformations of the pavement system. The comprehensive discussion on the laboratory results showed that the placement of geogrid-reinforcement at various levels of base layer, generated different effects invarious parts of the pavement system. The numerical investigations are focused on determination of modulus of permanent deformation Ep for each layer contributing to the pavement structure. They are considered as being the functions of the number of load repetition N. The constutitutive law incorporated for this purpose is modified 3-D Hooke's law that involves the modulus of permanent deformations. The identification of Ep is-conducted in the framework of homogenization method which assumes the homogenity and isotropy of each layer. The fact of irreversibility of permanent deformations is taken into consideration by geometry's continous updating process. The determination of Ep requires full information on increments of permanent displacements of control points corresponding to each consecutive load repetition. The numerical investigations are performed for axisymetric geometry by means of the finite element analysis (FEA) program ABAQUS (1998). To guarantee the correctness of the results obtained, the problem that was explored was subjected to verivication studies by means of the KENLAYER (1993) program, that was suitably adjusted for this purpose.
EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF OVERLAYING CLAY LAYER OF LOWLAND REGION ON SENSITIVITY OF LATERAL DEFLECTION OF LONG PILES EMBEDDED IN NONHOMOGENEOUS SOIL - PART I: THEORETICAL FORMULATION D. H. Hafez; B. B. Budkowska
Lowland Technology International Vol 8 No 1, June (2006)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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The importance of sensitivity analysis of soil-structure interaction system is embodied in two facts, that is, the soil is a nature-made material that affects the system’s performance and the sensitivity theory constitutes an inherent part of the behavior of the system. Moreover, the access to the supporting system is limited. Therefore, it is essential to have a reliable basis for the assessment of how changes of the parameters of the system affect its performance. The paper presents the study of sensitivity of laterally loaded piles using the distributed parameter sensitivity method. Other available sensitivity methods are briefly described in the paper. The theoretical formulation of the sensitivity of the lateral head deflection of piles embedded in non-homogeneous soil to changes in the design parameters is derived. The non-homogeneous soil consists of soft clay overlying sand and the design parameters are those that define the pile and the adjacent clay and sand. The formulation resulted in obtaining sensitivity operators that can show along the pile length where and how the change of each parameter affects the change of lateral pile-head deflection. The formulation provides the basis for studying the effect of the thickness of the overlying clay on the sensitivity results.
EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF OVERLAYING CLAY LAYER OF LOWLAND REGION ON SENSITIVITY OF LATERAL DEFLECTION OF LONG PILES EMBEDDED IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS SOIL – PART IIA: NUMERICAL STUDY OF SAND PARAMETERS D. H. Hafez; B. B. Budkowska
Lowland Technology International Vol 8 No 2, Dec (2006)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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This part of the paper is a direct continuation of our first part paper. The first part of the paper presented the theoretical formulation of the sensitivity of the lateral head deflection of piles embedded in non-homogeneous soil consisting of clay overlying sand to changes in the design parameters. The current paper presents numerical sensitivity studies based on this theoretical formulation. The effect of variation in sand parameters on the variation of the lateral head deflection which is an important serviceability measure is studied. Both the clay and pile parameters will be investigated in part IIB of the paper. In lowland areas, the soil profiles starting from the soil surface contain soft clay layer of variable thickness. The effect of the thickness of the overlying clay layer on the sensitivity results is explored through comparative sensitivity assessment. Sensitivity results are given in the form of graphical presentations of sensitivity operators which show along the pile length where and how the change of each design parameter can affect the change of lateral pile-head deflection. It is shown that the thickness of the overlying clay has an effect on changing the magnitude and location of the maximum values of the sensitivity operators.
EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF OVERLAYING CLAY LAYER OF LOWLAND REGION ON SENSITIVITY OF LATERAL DEFLECTION OF LONG PILES EMBEDDED IN NONHOMOGENEOUS SOIL – PART IIB: NUMERICAL STUDY OF CLAY AND PILE PARAMETERS D. H. Hafez; B. B. Budkowska
Lowland Technology International Vol 8 No 2, Dec (2006)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This part of the paper is a direct continuation of part I and part IIA of the paper. The first part of the paper presented the theoretical formulation of the sensitivity of the lateral head deflection of piles embedded in nonhomogeneous soil consisting of clay overlying sand to changes in the design parameters. Parts IIA and IIB cover the numerical sensitivity studies based on this theoretical formulation. Part IIA studied the effect of variation in sand parameters on the variation of the lateral pile-head deflection. This part (part IIB) presents the sensitivity of the lateral pile-head deflection to variations in the clay and pile parameters. The numerical sensitivity results are graphically plotted along the pile length. The effect of the thickness of the overlying clay layer on these sensitivity results is investigated. This effect of non-homogeneity of soil is of significant importance to areas in which the overlaying clay layer has variable thicknesses such as in lowland areas.
Co-Authors D. H. Hafez J. Yu