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M. Francis
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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Damages and causative factors of 2015 strong Nepal Earthquake and directional movements of infrastructures in the Kathmandu Basin and along the Araniko Highway S. Manandhar; T. Hino; S. Soralump; M. Francis
Lowland Technology International Vol 18 No 2, Sep (2016)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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The strong earthquake on April 25, 2015 (7.8 Mw) and the aftershock on May 12, 2015 (7.3 Mw) claimed the lives of 8,659 people, plus 21,150 people injured and huge economic loss together with serious damages on eight World Heritage sites. Our two field surveys in the month of from May 9-21, 2015 and 19-23 July, 2015 revealed understanding of damages to traditional towns, historical monuments, and modern buildings. Regionally, damages on buildings are confined to the traditional houses which are remnants of or renovated after the 8.1 magnitude 1934 AD earthquake. Widespread cases of inadequate engineering and construction practices for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) buildings and renovated old buildings have been severely affected. The affected region includes the main shock along the 150 km long rupture zone towards east. The aftershock reached farther south at a shallower depth towards the end of the eastern rupture zone. As a result damages inflicted in the structures from both quakes revealed different shaking directions. The April 25 main shock caused eastward leaning structures while May 12 aftershock caused southward leaning and/collapsed structures. It is important to identify whether the direction is due to aftershock at the end of initial rupture zone or if it represents a newly exposed fault.
Lifeline infrastructure and the UN disaster resilience scorecard M. Francis; M.R.Z. Whitworth
Lowland Technology International Vol 18 No 2, Sep (2016)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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The 2015 Nepal M 7.8 Earthquake and M 7.2 Aftershock caused catastrophic damage across a large area of strong shaking and impacting the entire nation. This paper presents best practices in evaluating core community functions in need, and planning for rapid and resilient recovery, building back better. Several tools and methods are explained including the concept of lifeline infrastructure resilience and performance goals under the 2015 United States (US) National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Community Resilience Planning Guide; use of HazusMH loss modeling software adapted to measure losses avoided from modern hazard resistant building code provisions; and a framework for success using the new United Nations Disaster Resilience Scorecard, developed by IBM and AECOM, now piloted in over 30 cities since 2014 rollout. The utilization of the UNISDR scorecard for Kathmandu indicates the applicability of these techniques in evaluating the resilience of key infrastructure and institutional facilities, and how they can be an effective tool in planning and Disaster Risk Reduction.
Building a More Resilient Nepal-The Utilisation of the Resilience Scorecard for Kathmandu, Nepal following the Gorkha Earthquake of 2015 M.R.Z. Whitworth; A. Moore; M. Francis; S. Hubbard; S. Manandhar
Lowland Technology International Vol 21 No 4, March (2020): Special Issue on: Engineering Geology and Geotechniques for Developing Co
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Following the Gorkha earthquake of 2015, the opportunity exists to utilise the Resilience Scorecard to assess the current level of preparedness of Kathmandu. This article will discuss the application of the UN Resilience Scorecard, with the assessment undertaken forming a baseline assessment addressing core infrastructure issues from the earthquake and evaluating core community functions. The assessment looks at initially 3 pillars of the Resilience Scorecard through 3 core components: 1. The disaster cycle: From preparedness through response recovery to developing risk scenarios. 2. The operational capacity of the financial, governmental and societal institutions. 3. The resilience of the society from urban to rural including infrastructure and natural buffers. This paper highlights the key findings of the assessment undertaken during field visits to Kathmandu Valley following the April 2015 earthquake. The research study has found that Kathmandu has a low disaster resilience score with preliminary findings highlighting the susceptibility of critical infrastructure (i.e. roads, schools, hospitals, power, water supply) to natural hazards.
Co-Authors A. Moore M.R.Z. Whitworth S. Hubbard S. Manandhar S. Soralump T. Hino