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R. Kayen
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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B.P. Wham B.P. Wham B.P. Wham; S. Dashti; K. Franke; R. Kayen; N.K. Oettle
Lowland Technology International Vol 19 No 3, Dec (2017)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Widespread damage to lifeline systems occurred as a result from the Kumamoto Earthquakes that initiated on April 14, 2016. Interruption to the water, gas, and electric power supply affected thousands of people. Landslides and surface rupture caused significant damage to transportation systems, especially roads and bridges. This paper provides an overview of observations and information gathered by US researchers (sponsored by Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association), Japanese researchers, and others regarding water supply damage. Emphasis is placed on the largest water authority in the region of the earthquake, Kumamoto City, including damage metrics for various pipe materials and diameters. The greatest damage occurred at valves and other fundamental mechanisms of large diameter pipelines. Pipelines constructed of ERDIP and HDPE performed most favorably while steel and cast iron pipelines were shown to be the more vulnerable. A liquefaction-induced lateral spreading site at which pipeline damage occurred is identified for further study.
Geotechnical extreme-event reconnaissance (GEER) investigation to the 2016 Mw6.0, Mw6.2and Mw7.0 Kumamoto Japan Earthquakes R. Kayen; T. Kokusho; H. Hazarika; S. Dashti; J. R. Calderon; T. K. Franke; N. K. Oettle; B. Wham; G.P. Louis-Kayen; R. Sitar; N.M. Louis-Kayen
Lowland Technology International Vol 19 No 4, March (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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The Kumamoto, Kyushu, Japan earthquakes began with an earthquake (M6.2) on the Hinagu Fault on April 14, 2016 followed by a second (M7.0) event on the Futagawa Fault, that on April 16. These shallow 10-11 deep km events are the strongest earthquakes recorded in Kyushu prefecture during the modern instrumental era. The United States’ National Science Foundation (US NSF) supported Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association conducted a reconnaissance of the region. These earthquakes resulted in substantial damage to infrastructure, buildings, cultural heritage of Kumamoto castle, roads and highways, slopes, and river embankments. Surface fault rupture produced offset to roads, buildings, river levees, and an agricultural dam. Surprisingly, given the extremely intense earthquake motions, liquefaction-induced damage was mostly limited to a few districts of Kumamoto City and in port areas, indicating that either the volcanic soils were largely unsusceptible to liquefaction or the presence of fines reduced the surficial manifestation of liquefaction and its effects. The important case histories identified by the study are [1] fault rupture through OhKirihata Dam; [2] subsidence in Aso Caldera; [3] fault rupture through Shimojin-Cho River Canal; [4] surprising paucity of liquefaction and its effects; and [5] possible identification of a nearly non-displacement lateral spread.
Co-Authors B. Wham B.P. Wham G.P. Louis-Kayen H. Hazarika J. R. Calderon K. Franke N. K. Oettle N.K. Oettle N.M. Louis-Kayen R. Sitar S. Dashti T. K. Franke T. Kokusho