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S Manandhar
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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Innovations in the Improvements of Soft Bangkok Clay using Prefabricated Vertical Drains and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) D.T Bergado; S Manandhar; S Soralump; T Hino
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Soft ground improvement techniques such as PrefabricatedVertical Drains (PVD) and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) are themost practical and popular methods to increase soil strength, soilstiffness and reduce soil compressibility of soft clays. PVDs areartificial drainage paths to vertically drain the pore watersqueezed out from the soft clay due hydraulic gradient generatedby preloading. DCMs are piles formed by mixing cement with softclays. This paper focuses on innovations and comparativeperformances of PVDs using surcharge, vacuum and heatpreloading as well as the cement-admixed clay of DCMs andStiffened DCM (SDCM) methods for the improvement of softBangkok clays. The Vacuum-PVD can increase the horizontalcoefficient of consolidation, Ch, resulting in faster rate ofsettlement at the same magnitudes of settlement compared toConventional PVD. Moreover, the new methods of Thermal PVDand Thermal Vacuum PVD can increase further the coefficient ofhorizontal consolidation, Ch, with the associated reduction ofkh/ks values by reducing the drainage retardation effects in thesmear zone around the PVD which resulted in faster rates ofconsolidation and higher magnitudes of settlements. A new kindof reinforcing method, the SDCM pile consists of DCM pilereinforced with precast reinforced concrete (RC) core pile. Thesimulation results using PLAXIS 3D indicated that the surfacesettlements decreased with increasing lengths of the RC corepiles. In addition, the lateral movements of the embankmentdecreased by increasing the lengths (longer than 4 m) and, thesectional areas of the RC core pile
Characteristics of Cement Treated Soil: A Case Study from Soft Bangkok Clay and Red Soil of Nepal Salisa Chaiyaput; S Manandhar; S Karki; J Ayawanna
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 2 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.0001/ialt_lti.v22i2, Septemb.876

Abstract

Soft Bangkok Clay from Thailand and clayey silt of red soil,Nepal have been incorporated for the research as a case studyin order to understand the characteristics. Highly plastic softBangkok Clay and low plastic clayey silt have been confirmedas non-swelling soils through XRD analyses. The peakintensities of red soil from Nepal is more than two times higherthan the intensity of soft Bangkok Clay. Higher water contentand warm temperature form lower intensities in the soft BangkokClay resembling the amorphous state with compared to red soilof Nepal. As a result, the amount of admixture of cement in clayvaries significantly to enhance the adequate strength. Hence,the research has delineated through determining undrainedstrengths treated with cement in different proportions at differentcuring time and checked the stiffness by passing throughultrasonic wave velocity. The specimens were extracted fromthe depths of 3.0 m and 12.0 m soil-cement column formed bydry method in Thailand and in-situ clayey silt from Nepal wastreated with cement. Besides, 20% local poorly graded soil wasadded in the clayey silt and all treated specimens were cured for7, 14 and 28 days. The results confirmed that the Bangkok Clayreceived the highest strength at 13.89% of cement addition for3.0 m depth core and 11.11% of cement treatment received themaximum strength for 12.0 m core cured for 28 days.Conversely, clayey silt from Nepal received the maximumstrengths at 7% cement treatment cured for 28 days.
Co-Authors D.T Bergado J Ayawanna S Karki S Soralump Salisa Chaiyaput T Hino