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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
A Sjarmidi
ITB
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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kologi Pemangsaan Ikan Oskar dan Potensi Dampak Introduksinya ( Trichoderma harzianum Potency as a Biofungicide on Tomato Plant ) Baskoro, Karyadi; Sjarmidi, A; Rustama, A
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 1, No 1 (2009): March 2009
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v1i1.41

Abstract

Penelitian mengenai ekologi pemangsaan ikan oskar (Astronotus ocellatus Agassiz) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola waktu makan, pengaruh ukuran mangsa terhadap tingkat pemangsaan, pengaruh kepadatan mangsa terhadap tingkat pemangsaan, perilaku pemangsaan, dan mengkaji potensi dampak introduksi ikan oskar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Danau Rawa Pening, Ambarawa, dan di Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Diponegoro. Pola waktu makan diuji dengan mencatat jumlah mangsa yang dikonsumsi setiap 2 jam. Pengujian pengaruh ukuran mangsa terhadap tingkat pemangsaan oskar dilakukan dengan memberi mangsa berbagai ukuran. Pengujian pengaruh kepadatan mangsa terhadap tingkat pemangsaan untuk uji satu mangsa, dilakukan dengan memberi mangsa secara bertahap sampai tercapai jumlah optimum. Untuk uji dua mangsa, jumlah mangsa diberikan dalam berbagai proporsi (16:4, 12:8, 10:10, 8:12, 4:16). Sifat pemangsaan ikan oskar diuji dengan mendedahkannya selama 1 hari di stasiun lapangan, kemudian dilakukan analisis saluran pencernaan. Sedangkan di laboratorium dicatat tingkat konsumsi tujuh jenis mangsa setiap 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan oskar bersifat diurnal. Ukuran mangsa (hambatan morfologi), mempengaruhi tingkat pemangsaan ditunjukkan dengan konsumsi mangsa yang berukuran lebih kecil dari ukuran mulut ikan oskar (< 1,4 cm). Tingkat pemangsaan dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh pertambahan tingkat kepadatan mangsa (y = -0,0233x2 + 1,4471x – 1,6357; r2 = 0,959; p>0,05 dan y = -0,0348x2 + 1,9155x–4,7821; r2=0,855; p>0,05) dan menunjukkan adanya respon fungsional (I dan II). Ikan oskar menunjukkan sifat pergeseran mangsa dari proporsi mangsa (16:4) ke (4:16), mengikuti kepadatan mangsa yang lebih tinggi. Ikan oskar mengkonsumsi semua jenis mangsa (tujuh jenis) sehingga dapat disebut sebagai karnivora generalis. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan dan studi literatur, dapat dinyatakan bahwa ikan oskar berpotensi untuk menjadi mantap dan invasif, dan menimbulkan gangguan terhadap komponen biotik lokal pada komunitas perairan. Kata Kunci : jenis introduksi, pemangsaan, oskar
Ecosystem evaluation of post sand mining land in Cimalaka, Sumedang Sholihah, A R F; Sjarmidi, A
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2014.012.075

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate ecosystem function of post-sand mining land in northern side of Layapan, Cimalaka, Sumedang, West Java (S 6o 47’ 33.68” and E 107o 58’18.73”, 744 m above sea level). Microclimate and soil characteristics measurements were carried out to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the land. Vegetation analysis was conducted with plotting method. Ecosystem Function Analysis, including Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) has been used to analyze the function of landscape. The results showed that average light intensity, air temperature and humidity were 15.2x103 ± 7.3x103 lux, 29.1±1.02oC and 69.7±7.5%. High light intensity made the air temperature rouse higher than normal, which is between 17.1oC to 22oC. As for the soil, soil organic content was 4-11%, porosity 4.65-24.43%, macronutrient content was low and C/N ratio was high. The results showed that LFA value for land stability was 33.24%, water infiltration 37.2%, nutrient cycle rate 15.28%. Those numbers showed that land condition was poor. From the LFA data, it was also known that vegetations had the highest contribution for all LFA parameters. From vegetation analysis, herbs species were 67 while bushes only 9, which at least 40 species were invasive alien species. Species with highest Important Value (IV) from herb was Cajanus scarabaeoides and from bush was Mimosa pigra. Both of them are members of Fabaceae. It was concluded that the soil of this post sand mining land was highly nutrient poor; critical and couldn’t perform the regulation, habitat and biomass production function of ecosystem.
Co-Authors A R F Sholihah A Rustama Karyadi Baskoro