Sumarjan .
Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram

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KETAHANAN BEBERAPA GALUR KACANG TANAH HASIL KULTUR IN VITRO TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU CENDAWAN Fusarium sp Sumarjan .; A. Farid Hemon
CROP AGRO, Scientific Journal of Agronomy Vol 4 No 1 (2011): Jurnal Crop Agro pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram and Indonesian Society of Agronomy Branch NTB

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa galur kacang tanah hasil kultur in vitro terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium sp. Seleksi in vitro diawali dengan menginduksi embrio somatik (ES) dan variasi somaklonal kacang tanah cv. Lokal Bima. Seleksi in vitro untuk ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu fusarium dilakukan pada populasi ES dengan media selektif yang mengandung filtrat kultur Fusarium sp. Setelah dilakukan seleksi in vitro, diperoleh populasi ES yang insensitif terhadap media filtrat kultur. Embrio somatik insensitif ini dikecambahkan dan menghasilkan planlet. Planlet-palnlet ini ditanam untuk memproduksi tanaman generasi R1 dan R2. Tanaman generasi R2 inilah yang akan dievaluasi ketahanannya terhadap penyakit layu cendawan Fusarium sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kultur in vitro telah mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kacang tanah cv Lokal Bima dari rentan menjadi agak resisten terhadap penyakit layu cendawan Fusarium sp. Galur GFK 10 menunjukkan agak resisten terhadap infeksi cendawan Fusarium sp dan menghasilkan jumlah polong kering terbanyak 13.5 polong per tanaman dan polong kering terberat 786.5 g/1.1 m2. ABSTRACT This research aimed to investigating resistance of peanut cultivars resulted in vitro culture to fusarium infection. The experiment was inisiated with induction of somatic embryos (SE) and somaclonal variation from peanut cv. Local Bima in MS medium containing Picloram. Medium of MS that added culture filtrate 30% was used as selective agent for resistance to fusarium. After in vitro selection will be gotten insensitive SEs population on culture filtrate medium, and insensitive SEs will be germinated to produce plantlets. Experiment had been done to produced R1 and R2 plant generationt. R2 plants generation had been evaluated resistance level of fusarium infection in Glass House and in farmer field. Result of the experiment showed that in vitro culture had increased peanut cv. Local Bima resistance from susceptible become moderate resistant to Fusarium infection. Peanut line GFK 10 showed moderate resisntant to Fusarium infection with more dry pod number 13.5 pod per plant and more dry pod weight 786.5 g/1.1 m2.