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All Journal Civil Engineering Journal
Liaqat Ali Shah
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), 28100, Bannu,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Complex Linkage between Watershed Attributes and Surface Water Quality: Gaining Insight via Path Analysis Afed Ullah Khan; Hafiz Ur Rahman; Liaqat Ali; Muhammad Ijaz Khan; Humayun Mehmood Khan; Afnan Ullah Khan; Fayaz Ahmad Khan; Jehanzeb Khan; Liaqat Ali Shah; Kashif Haleem; Asim Abbas; Izaz Ahmad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 4 (2021): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091683

Abstract

Understanding the influence of various variables on surface water quality is extremely important for protecting ecosystem health. The principal aim of this study is to assess the direct (DE), indirect (IE) and total effects (TE) of socio-economic, terrestrial and hydrological factors on surface water quality via path analysis through the lens of 15 sub-basins located on Indus basin, Pakistan. Four path models were selected based on Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.999 value. First path model showed that rangelands having low population density decline river runoff which decreases instream Electrical Conductivity (EC) because of lower anthropogenic activities. Second path model depicted that croplands having higher population density enhance river runoff due to irrigation tail water discharge which decline instream EC because of dilution. Third path model showed that croplands with higher population density enhance river runoff which increases instream NO3 concentration because of unscientific application of irrigation water. Fourth path model unveiled that croplands enhance Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which enhance river runoff and instream NO3 concentration. To protect ecosystem health, Best Management Practices (BMPs), precision farming and modern irrigation techniques should be adopted to reduce irrigation tail water discharges containing pollutants entry in Indus River. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091683 Full Text: PDF
Statistical Significance Assessment of Streamflow Elasticity of Major Rivers Liaqat Ali Shah; Afed Ullah Khan; Fayaz Ahmad Khan; Zahoor Khan; Ateeq Ur Rauf; Saif Ur Rahman; Muhammad Junaid Iqbal; Izaz Ahmad; Asim Abbas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091698

Abstract

Impacts of climate change on streamflow have long been an issue of concern for water experts. The main aim of this study is to assess the response of streamflow to precipitation and air temperature. In this study elasticity model was used to compute the precipitation and air temperature elasticity of 6 major rivers in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. In contrast to temperature elasticity estimator, box plots of precipitation elasticity estimator have low range and standard deviation leading to greater central affinity which produces valid, appropriate, and statistically significant elasticity results. Precipitation is positively correlated with streamflow while the air temperature is both positively and negatively linked with streamflow. 10% variation in precipitation and air temperature produces 12 to 20% and 8 to 18% change in streamflow, respectively. The sensitivity of streamflow to air temperature is higher as compared to precipitation. This research work shows that precipitation elasticity results are statistically valid and realistic as compared to temperature elasticity results. Moreover, it is suggested to support elasticity results by statistical correlation to avoid misleading and unrealistic results. Results of the current study can be used in formulating long term policies regarding streamflow sensitivity in the study region. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091698 Full Text: PDF
Co-Authors Afed Ullah Khan Afed Ullah Khan Afnan Ullah Khan Asim Abbas Ateeq Ur Rauf Fayaz Ahmad Khan Fayaz Ahmad Khan Hafiz Ur Rahman Humayun Mehmood Khan Izaz Ahmad Jehanzeb Khan Kashif Haleem Liaqat Ali Muhammad Ijaz Khan Muhammad Junaid Iqbal Saif Ur Rahman Zahoor Khan