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All Journal STUDIA ISLAMIKA ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Sumanto Al Qurtuby
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The Tao of Islam: Ceng Ho and the Legacy of Chinese Muslims in Pre-Modern Java Sumanto Al Qurtuby
Studia Islamika Vol 16, No 1 (2009): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.489

Abstract

The fact that "Sino-Javanese Muslim Cultures" are scattered over Banten, Jakarta, Cirebon, Semarang, Demak, Jepara, Lasem, Gresik, and Surabaya on the northern coast of Java (see also below) is strong evidence of the encounter between Cheng Ho (and other Chinese Muslims) and Javanese societies over the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. These "Sino-Javanese Muslim cultures" are not only found in the form of mosques which show evidence of acculturation processes between China, Islam, and Java, but also in literature, arts, and other artifact Seen from another perspective, these historical facts illustrate the Chinese major role in spreading Islam in the region. Unfortunately, although the Chinese contribution in shaping Indonesian civilizations and Javanese cultures is apparent, only a few scholars have concerned themselves with the issue.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.489
Sino-Indo Muslim Cultures: Tracing the History and Legacy of Cheng Ho and Chinese Muslims in Nusantara Sumanto Al Qurtuby
Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Publisher : Faculty of Islam Nusantara, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Indonesia (Unusia) Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/islamnusantara.v7i1.1857

Abstract

This study re-examines the formation of Muslim communities in the Malay–Indonesian world through the presence of Zheng He, with particular attention to the role of Chinese Muslim networks in the early history of Islam in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in historical and library-based research, the study focuses its analysis on Javanese historical evidence related to diplomacy, maritime networks, and religious life prior to the period of European expansion. The findings demonstrate that Chinese Muslim networks were deeply embedded in diplomatic relations, maritime trade, and religious practices in the archipelago from an early period. Chinese Muslim influences contributed to the shaping of local Islamic practices while also broadening the cultural horizons of early Muslim communities in the region. A reassessment of several dominant Islamization theories further suggests that Sino-Indonesian Muslim interactions provide strong grounds for recognizing the “Chinese theory” as an important perspective alongside Arab, Persian, and Indian theories. This article makes a significant contribution to scholarship on Islamization and the history of Islam in the Malay–Indonesian world by affirming the plural genealogies of Indonesian Islam and enriching analytical frameworks on diaspora, mobility, and intercultural exchange in the making of Muslim societies in Nusantara.
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