F. E. Merca
Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños

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Prediction of In Situ Ruminal Degradability of Forages in Buffaloes Using the In Vitro Gas Production Technique G. F. Guadayo; A. A. Rayos; F. E. Merca; A. G. Tandang; M. M. Loresco; A. A. Angeles
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 42 No. 2 (2019): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (803.376 KB) | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.128

Abstract

Two experiments, namely the situ nylon bag technique and the in vitro gas production technique, were carried out to determine the correlations between the in situ ruminal degradability and the in vitro gas production of different forages, and to predict the ruminal degradability of the forages using the gas production parameters. Forage samples from Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), Para grass (Brachiaria mutica), Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), Rain tree (Samanea saman), and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) were incubated in the rumen of three rumen-cannulated buffaloes using the in situ nylon bag technique for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The six forage samples were also subjected to the in vitro gas production analysis following the modified methods developed by Menke & Steingass (1988), along with 30 other commonly used forages in the Philippines. Both experiments followed a randomized complete block design. Their dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) degradation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) as well as the gas production parameters were then estimated. Results revealed that the ED of each nutrient was found to be moderately to strongly correlated with some of the gas production times and estimated gas parameters. The predictor models generated using the gas production parameters for the ED of DM, OM, and NDF were sufficiently strong (R2= 0.740, p value= 0.0002; R2= 0.659, p value= 0.0009; and R2= 0.813, p value < 0.0001, respectively) while that of CP was only moderate (R2= 0.500, p value= 0.0055). It was concluded that the relationship between the two techniques is sufficiently strong and therefore the gas production parameters can be used to predict the in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of forages.
β-casein Variants and Anti-oxidant Profiles of Milk of Siquijor Native Cattle (Bos taurus indicus L.) as Compared to those of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal Cattle G. T. A. Cuevas; A. A. Angeles; F. E. Merca; A. J. Salces
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.108

Abstract

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of A1 and A2 β-casein (β-CN) variants from milk of Siquijor native cattle (SN) and compare it to that of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal (HF). Four milk samples from SN and three milk samples from HF, collected at 60-90 days during the first and second parities, were used in this study. Caseins were isolated from the milk samples by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5, urea denaturation, and SDS-PAGE. The fractions were quantified by Bradford assay. Antioxidant activity of the fractions was determined by DPPH scavenging assay. All the samples were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to determine the statistical difference. The concentrations of β-CN variants isolated from the milk of Siquijor native cattle and the milk of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal were not significantly different (p>0.05). All of the casein samples exhibited DPPH scavenging activity with A2 β-CN exhibiting significantly higher scavenging activity (p<0.05). SN1 A2 β-CN exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity at 5.298% ± 0.17 among all of the samples. These results indicate that A2 β-CN may play a vital role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis in the human body when the milk is consumed. These results also indicate the significance of A2 β-CN in extending the shelf-life of milk and other dairy products. In conclusion, this study successfully fractionated and characterized both A1 and A2 β-CN variants in the milk of Siquijor native cattle and Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal, with A2 β-CN having higher antioxidant activity compared to A1 β-CN.