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N. Umami
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy

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The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Density and Diversity on the Growth and Biomass of Corn and Sorghum Forage in Trapping Culture M. Husein; N. Umami; A. Pertiwiningrum; M. M. Rahman; D. Ananta
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 45 No. 1 (2022): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2022.45.1.37

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the absorption of nutrients in trapping culture and its effects on the growth and biomass production of corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum sp.). Soil samples with rhizosphere were collected from three different places: Bambusa sp., Cichorium intybus L., and Pinus merkusii. The density and genus of AMF spores were evaluated. AMF effectiveness was tested using six levels of rhizosphere and two species (corn and sorghum) of plants with a 2×6 factorial experiment with eight replications of each treatment. Six types of rhizospheres were: (i) bamboo rhizosphere (Bambusa sp.) (T1), (ii) control for T1 (C1), (iii) chicory rhizosphere (C. intybus L.) (T2), (iv) control for T2 (C2), (v) Pine rhizosphere (P. merkusii) (T3), and (vi) control for T3 (C3). The control treatment was derived from sterilized planting media. The results showed that the root rhizosphere of Bambusa sp. had more density and diversity of AMF spores than the root rhizosphere of C. intybus L. and P. merkusii. At the end of the trapping culture, the host plants sorghum and corn increased the density of spores in the carrier medium or propagules of the three rhizosphere types. The difference in the amount of initial AMF had a significant (p<0.05) effect on plant height, the number of leaves, and the biomass production of trapping plants. It can be concluded that more density and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores show higher growth and biomass of trapping plants.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from the Apical Meristem of Wrukwona Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) Treated with Thidiozuron and Cupric Sulfate N. Umami; A. N. Respati; M. M. Rahman; K. Umpuch; T. Gondo
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 45 No. 2 (2022): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2022.45.2.220

Abstract

This study focused on the effectiveness of somatic embryogenesis and regenerated plant in Wrukwona napiergrass. Previously, we studied in vitro propagation of 4 cultivars of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and showed that only 3.3% of Wrukwona cultivar formed embryogenic callus on day 30 and 21.7% on day 60 of incubation. To improve callus formation performance, it is necessary to develop a special propagation method for Wrukwona cultivar in terms of various growth regulators and additional compounds. This study used several rates of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and thidiozuron (TDZ). The result showed that the use of medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) with 2.4-D and BAP at a high ratio of 2.4-D, and TDZ 2 µM formed 78.6% embryogenic callus on day 60th and no albino was found in the regenerated plant. The best combination of growth promotor for embryogenic callus formation was 3 mg L-1 2.4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, and 2 µM TDZ. Callus proliferation with MS media added with 3 mg L-1 2.4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 2 µM TDZ, and 5 µM CuSO4 gave the best proliferation results, with regeneration reaching 65%. All regenerants successfully grew in soil. It can be concluded that somatic embryogenesis of P. purpureum cv. Wrukwona can be produced from MS culture medium using 2 mg L-1 2.4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, and 2 µM TDZ. Effective multiplication was carried out by adding 5 µM CuSO4 to the same medium as the embryogenic callus formation, and effective regeneration was carried out with MS media containing 2 mg L-1 BAP.
Co-Authors A. N. Respati A. Pertiwiningrum D. Ananta K. Umpuch M. Husein M. M. Rahman M. M. Rahman T. Gondo