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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ARTISANAL GOLD MINING AT CIKANGEAN RIVER IN MULYAJAYA VILLAGE, GARUT, WEST JAVA Retno Damayanti; M. Lutfie Lutfie
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 1 February 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

The artisanal and small scale gold mining usually utilize mercury for its gold recovery. Mercury is used as the best alternative by many miners due to its effectiveness, simple and cheap process for gold recovery. The increasing mercury utilization motivates tekMIRA to prevent more pollution caused by uncontrolled or incorrect mercury utilization. For this purpose, the artisanal gold mining located in Mulyajaya Village, Garut was chosen for monitoring mining activities. Grab sampling method was used to evaluate environmental monitoring on terrestrial water and its sediment, soil and tailing surrounding the artisanal gold mining. The monitoring results show that mercury was found in all waters and sediment surrounding the artisanal gold mine. The mercury concentration in river sediment was around 0.08 – 0.15 ppm and this was higher than its concentration in the river water (0.0002 ppm). The same concentration occurred at the upstream and downstream (0.0002 ppm). The mercury concentration in the sediment coming from sedimentation pond were 2.27 – 7.60 ppm. Eventhough the mercury was still in low concentration either in the water or in the sediment, a guidance should be delivered to the miners about the danger of mercury substances used in the mining activities.

UPGRADING OF TAYAN’S CRUDE BAUXITE USING ROTARY DRUM SCRUBBER Husaini Husaini; Stefanus Suryo Cahyono; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Indonesia has abundant bauxite resources at Tayan, West Kalimanatan, where the reserve is relied more than 800 million tons. There were two types of Tayan’s bauxite that have been used in the present research. One contains 34.63 % Al2O3 and 5.20 % reactive SiO2 which is known as low grade ore, while the second type contains 47.30 % Al2O3 and 5.79 % reactive SiO2 which is known as high grade ore. A Rotary Drum Scrubber (diameter 80 cm, length 200 cm, screen opening 2 mm) was applied to upgrade the crude bauxite ores. The research was started by crushing followed by scrubbing and screening. The scrubber is supported by water sprayer to achieve washed bauxite (+2mm of particle sizes) separated from tailing (-2mm of particle size). The researchs were conducted by varying the feed rate (300-2100 kg/hr), solid percentage (14-36%) and water flow rate (35-78 L/minute). The results show that feed rate and solid percentage have high impact to the quality of washed bauxite obtained. The higher is feed rate and solid percentage the lower is alumina content of the washed bauxite produced. An optimum condition is attained at1600 kg/hour of feeding rate, 25% solid and 8 minutes of residence time that is capable to produce washed bauxite with chemical composition of 45.25 % Al2O3 and 3.27 % reactive SiO2 (when the crude bauxite as the feed is low grade type). On the other hand, the washed bauxite obtained with chemical composition of 55.50 % Al2O3, 0.47 % reactive SiO2 and impurities content with particle sizes <2mm is approximately 2,1% (when the crude bauxite as the feed is typically high grade). The average increase of Al2O3 content in the washed bauxite is 6.63% and the average decrease of reactive SiO2 is 2.87%. The washed bauxite produced is reliable as feed material for Bayer process.

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FACTOR ESTIMATION FROM INDONESIAN COAL Retno Damayanti; Herni Khaerunissa
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2018
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Climate change will become the priority for the air quality management. It focuses more on carbon dioxide emission. Indonesia which has power generation dominated by coal combustion is expected to develop the national CO2 emission factor. Due to the high variation in Indonesia coal rank and its growing magnitude in CO2 emission caused by the future coal-fired power plant development, the characteristic emission value becomes an important concern. The method used in this study is developed from the IPCC Guidelines for Energy. The conversion unit plays an important role in the calculation method. The result shows that the higher in C content, the lower in its CO2 emission factor. It means that coal classified as high C content or high heating value will produce low carbon dioxide emission factor. The average CO2 emission factor obtained in Indonesian coal is 99,718 kg CO2/TJ with an average value of carbon content 27.2 kg C/GJ, and NCV equal to 19.8 TJ/Gg. Coal rank is categorized as lignite to subbituminous or bituminous.

EFFECT OF REAGENT VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION ON RECOVERIES OF MgO AND SO3 WITHIN SYNTHETIC DOLOMITE-BASED KIESERITE Tatang Wahyudi; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Natural kieserite is usually used for the production of epsom salt and fertilizer. Normally, the mineral is mined from geologic marine deposits and provides a soluble source of both Mg and S for plant nutrition. However, natural kieserite cannot be found in Indonesia. The fact that this country retains a lot of dolomite deposits and such a material can be processed into synthetic kieserite by sulphatization process seems promising for fertilizer industry in Indonesia. Varying the sulfuric acid concentration between 2 and 5 N and its volume from29.50 to 94.80 ml produces the MgO in MgSO4 filtrate below the specification as stated in Indonesian National Standard (14 – 19%) though its sulfur content has satisfied the requirements. It is assumed that some MgO’s (around 1.93 – 7.12%) are still available in CaSO4 deposit. To get the optimum results, an appropriate calcula- tion is required when adding sulfuric acid to the process and the solution should be in neutral condition prior to separating MgSO4 – CaSO4 as well.

UPGRADING OF TAYAN’S CRUDE BAUXITE USING ROTARY DRUM SCRUBBER Husaini Husaini; Stefanus Suryo Cahyono; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.343

Indonesia has abundant bauxite resources at Tayan, West Kalimanatan, where the reserve is relied more than 800 million tons. There were two types of Tayan’s bauxite that have been used in the present research. One contains 34.63 % Al2O3 and 5.20 % reactive SiO2 which is known as low grade ore, while the second type contains 47.30 % Al2O3 and 5.79 % reactive SiO2 which is known as high grade ore. A Rotary Drum Scrubber (diameter 80 cm, length 200 cm, screen opening 2 mm) was applied to upgrade the crude bauxite ores. The research was started by crushing followed by scrubbing and screening. The scrubber is supported by water sprayer to achieve washed bauxite (+2mm of particle sizes) separated from tailing (-2mm of particle size). The researchs were conducted by varying the feed rate (300-2100 kg/hr), solid percentage (14-36%) and water flow rate (35-78 L/minute). The results show that feed rate and solid percentage have high impact to the quality of washed bauxite obtained. The higher is feed rate and solid percentage the lower is alumina content of the washed bauxite produced. An optimum condition is attained at1600 kg/hour of feeding rate, 25% solid and 8 minutes of residence time that is capable to produce washed bauxite with chemical composition of 45.25 % Al2O3 and 3.27 % reactive SiO2 (when the crude bauxite as the feed is low grade type). On the other hand, the washed bauxite obtained with chemical composition of 55.50 % Al2O3, 0.47 % reactive SiO2 and impurities content with particle sizes <2mm is approximately 2,1% (when the crude bauxite as the feed is typically high grade). The average increase of Al2O3 content in the washed bauxite is 6.63% and the average decrease of reactive SiO2 is 2.87%. The washed bauxite produced is reliable as feed material for Bayer process.

EFFECT OF REAGENT VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION ON RECOVERIES OF MgO AND SO3 WITHIN SYNTHETIC DOLOMITE-BASED KIESERITE Tatang Wahyudi; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.384

Natural kieserite is usually used for the production of epsom salt and fertilizer. Normally, the mineral is mined from geologic marine deposits and provides a soluble source of both Mg and S for plant nutrition. However, natural kieserite cannot be found in Indonesia. The fact that this country retains a lot of dolomite deposits and such a material can be processed into synthetic kieserite by sulphatization process seems promising for fertilizer industry in Indonesia. Varying the sulfuric acid concentration between 2 and 5 N and its volume from29.50 to 94.80 ml produces the MgO in MgSO4 filtrate below the specification as stated in Indonesian National Standard (14 – 19%) though its sulfur content has satisfied the requirements. It is assumed that some MgO’s (around 1.93 – 7.12%) are still available in CaSO4 deposit. To get the optimum results, an appropriate calcula- tion is required when adding sulfuric acid to the process and the solution should be in neutral condition prior to separating MgSO4 – CaSO4 as well.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ARTISANAL GOLD MINING AT CIKANGEAN RIVER IN MULYAJAYA VILLAGE, GARUT, WEST JAVA Retno Damayanti; M. Lutfie Lutfie
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12 No 1 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 1 February 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No1.2009.571

The artisanal and small scale gold mining usually utilize mercury for its gold recovery. Mercury is used as the best alternative by many miners due to its effectiveness, simple and cheap process for gold recovery. The increasing mercury utilization motivates tekMIRA to prevent more pollution caused by uncontrolled or incorrect mercury utilization. For this purpose, the artisanal gold mining located in Mulyajaya Village, Garut was chosen for monitoring mining activities. Grab sampling method was used to evaluate environmental monitoring on terrestrial water and its sediment, soil and tailing surrounding the artisanal gold mining. The monitoring results show that mercury was found in all waters and sediment surrounding the artisanal gold mine. The mercury concentration in river sediment was around 0.08 – 0.15 ppm and this was higher than its concentration in the river water (0.0002 ppm). The same concentration occurred at the upstream and downstream (0.0002 ppm). The mercury concentration in the sediment coming from sedimentation pond were 2.27 – 7.60 ppm. Eventhough the mercury was still in low concentration either in the water or in the sediment, a guidance should be delivered to the miners about the danger of mercury substances used in the mining activities.

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FACTOR ESTIMATION FROM INDONESIAN COAL Retno Damayanti; Herni Khaerunissa
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No1.2018.687

Climate change will become the priority for the air quality management. It focuses more on carbon dioxide emission. Indonesia which has power generation dominated by coal combustion is expected to develop the national CO2 emission factor. Due to the high variation in Indonesia coal rank and its growing magnitude in CO2 emission caused by the future coal-fired power plant development, the characteristic emission value becomes an important concern. The method used in this study is developed from the IPCC Guidelines for Energy. The conversion unit plays an important role in the calculation method. The result shows that the higher in C content, the lower in its CO2 emission factor. It means that coal classified as high C content or high heating value will produce low carbon dioxide emission factor. The average CO2 emission factor obtained in Indonesian coal is 99,718 kg CO2/TJ with an average value of carbon content 27.2 kg C/GJ, and NCV equal to 19.8 TJ/Gg. Coal rank is categorized as lignite to subbituminous or bituminous.

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