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All Journal Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Unisia
Tomi Suryo Utomo
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A Comparative Study of Indonesia’s an New Zealand’s Company Laws Tomi Suryo Utomo
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 16 No. 2 (2009): English Version
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Abstract

Company law will be an important policy for both the Indonesian Government and New Zealand Government in the future. This is because that law has proven to be extremely effective in developing companies’ performance and improving the economic situation in these countries. This paper examines the similarities and differences of company laws in Indonesia and New Zealand. There are two reasons why Indonesia and New Zealand have been chosen for this paper. The first reason is that Indonesia and New Zealand reformed their company laws in the 90s. The second one is due to the similarity of the main source of company law in Indonesian and New Zealand, namely from the common law jurisdiction Finally, this paper suggests that Indonesia should learn from New Zealand’s experience which has a more comprehensive system of company law.
Implikasi Pasal-Pasal Pelindung (The Trips Safeguards) dalam UU Paten Indonesia: Kritik, Evaluasi dan Saran dari Perspektif Akses terhadap Obat yang Murah dan Terjangkau Tomi Suryo Utomo
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 14 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol14.iss2.art6

Abstract

The discussion about access to essential medicine issues nowadays cannot be separated from the TRIPS Agreement. The TRIPS Agreement is important because one of its provisions (Article 27) deals with the protection of pharmaceutical patent which has a great relevance to access to essential medicine issues, such as affordability of drugs. The TRIPS Agreement also regulates a series of policies called the TRIPS safeguards, such as parallel imports, bolar provision, compulsory license and government use that can minimize and manage the impact of pharmaceutical patent protection on access to essential medicines. Indonesia’s patent law includes the safeguards provided by the TRIPS Agreement, such as parallel importation, bolar provisions, compulsory licenses and government use. However, several areas need to be improved so that the safeguards can be effectively used to manage the impact of pharmaceutical patent protection on access to medicines.  Indonesia should seek a balance between pharmaceutical patent protection and use of policies and strategies that are essential for its public welfare.
STEM CELL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PROTECTION IN INDONESIA Tomi Suryo Utomo
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 24, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (438.522 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16117

Abstract

This research discusses the possibility of patenting stem cells under the Indonesian patent law by focusing on two essential issues: (a) what approaches should be chosen by the Indonesian government to protect stem cell research under the Indonesian Patent Act and non-patent regulations? and (b) what types of stem cells can be protected under the Indonesian Patent Act? In order to provide comparative perspectives, this paper discusses the experience and policies of the US, German and South Korean governments in protecting stem cell research under their patent acts. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan kemungkinan mematenkan sel punca dalam hukum paten di Indonesia dengan memfokuskan pada dua isu pokok: (a) Pendekatan apa yang sebaiknya dipilih oleh pemerintahan Indonesia untuk melindungi penelitian sel punca dalam hukum paten Indonesia dan peraturan non paten? (b) Tipe sel punca apa yang dapat dilindungi dalam hukum paten Indonesia? Untuk mencakupi pendekatan melalui perbandingan dengan luar negeri, penelitian ini membahas pengalaman dan kebijakan di pemerintahan AS, Jerman, dan Korea Selatan dalam melindungi penelitan sel punca dalam hukum paten masing-masing negara.
The Pharmaceutical Patent Protection Impact on Indonesia Drugs Price Tomi Suryo Utomo
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 21, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (413.799 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16278

Abstract

This paper examines the pharmaceutical patent protection impact on Indonesian drugs price. As patent owner, companies could set high price for their drugs. However, such condition limits the access of the poor from patented drugs. Therefore, balance between patent protection, public welfare, and compliance to TRIPs agreement must be ensured. Penelitian ini membahas dampak paten produk-produk farmasi terhadap harga obat di Indonesia. Sebagai pemegang hak paten, perusahaan farmasi dapat menetapkan harga yang tinggi. Namun, kondisi ini membatasi akses masyarakat miskin untuk memperoleh obat yang terpatenkan. Dengan demikian, harus ada keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak paten, kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan kepatuhan terhadap TRIPs.
EKSISTENSI “THE TRIPS SAFEGUARDS” DI DALAM PERJANJIAN TRIPS: DALAM PERSPEKTIF KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Tomi Suryo Utomo
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 20, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (120.488 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16297

Abstract

Developing countries believe that the TRIPS Agreement gives more benefits to pharmaceutical companies of developed countries and prevents access to cheaper and affordable drugs. A reduction of drug prices has occurred when developing countries applied safeguards, such as parallel imports and compulsory license. The effort to enact safeguard legislation has resulted in US legal action, such as the dispute between the US government and the Brazilian government when Brazil considered the adoption of compulsory license. Another example was a dispute between big pharmaceutical companies and the South African government in its plans for adoption of parallel imports and compulsory license. These disputes demonstrate that the TRIPS safeguard articles are weak and meaningless because the interpretation of those articles has favored the developed countries’ perspectives.
PHARMACEUTICAL PATENT PROTECTION VERSUS NATIONAL DRUG POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A TENSION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL STANDARS AND DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTAL POLICY Tomi Suryo Utomo
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 19, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1718.506 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.19072

Abstract

Abstract
Deklarasi Doha dalam Perspektif Akses Obat Murah dan Terjangkau: Sebuah Pelengkap Perjanjian TRIPS Tomi Suryo Utomo
Unisia Vol. 30 No. 64 (2007): Jurnal Unisia
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/unisia.vol30.iss64.art2

Abstract

The Doha Declaration was developed after protests from developing and least developed countries asserting the TRIPS safeguards were unclear and ambiguous. Developing countries and least developed countries sought an interpretive tool for the TRIPS safeguards which fulfills the requirements of international law, in particular the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the legislative process of negotiation under the WTO decision making framework. Through the Doha Declaration, developing and least developed countries achieved their goal to clarify the TRIPS safeguards. The different level of economy, technology and interests among the members of the WTO will color the ongoing debate about the benefits of pharmaceutical patent protection under the WTO and effect upon access to essential medicines. The debate will reflect those favoring pro status quo for the TRIPS Agreement and the large number of countries which rely on the existence of the Doha Declaration. The outcome of this battle ends depends upon the willingness to seek the optimal solution for all. Keywords: Access to essential Medicines, Safeguards, The Doha Declaration
Deklarasi Doha dalam Perspektif Akses Obat Murah dan Terjangkau: Sebuah Pelengkap Perjanjian TRIPS Tomi Suryo Utomo
Unisia Volume XXX Nomor 64 Juni 2007
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/unisia.v0i64.5684

Abstract

 The Doha Declaration was developed after protests from developing and least developed countries asserting the TRIPS safeguards were unclear and ambiguous. Developing countries and least developed countries sought an interpretive tool for the TRIPS safeguards which fulfills the requirements of international law, in particular the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the legislative process of negotiation under the WTO decision making framework. Through the Doha Declaration, developing and least developed countries achieved their goal to clarify the TRIPS safeguards. The different level of economy, technology and interests among the members of the WTO will color the ongoing debate about the benefits of pharmaceutical patent protection under the WTO and effect upon access to essential medicines. The debate will reflect those favoring pro status quo for the TRIPS Agreement and the large number of countries which rely on the existence of the Doha Declaration. The outcome of this battle ends depends upon the willingness to seek the optimal solution for all.
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