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Preparation of Citric Acid Crosslinked Chitosan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Membranes for Creatinine Transport Retno Ariadi Lusiana; Dwi Siswanta; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation of membrane using crosslinking reaction between chitosan and citric acid showed that functional group modification increased the number of active carrier groups which lead to better transport capacity of the membrane. In addition, the substitution of the carboxyl group increased creatinine permeation of chitosan membrane. The transport capacity of citric acid crosslinked chitosan membrane for creatinine was found to be 6.3 mg/L. The presence of cyanocobalamin slightly hindered the transport of creatinine although compounds did not able to pass through citric acid crosslinked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend membrane, as compounds no found in the acceptor phase.

EXTENDING THE LIFE TIME OF POLYMER INCLUSION MEMBRANE CONTAINING COPOLY(EUGENOL-DVB) AS CARRIER FOR PHENOL TRANSPORT Agung Abadi Kiswandono; Dwi Siswanta; Nurul Hidayat Aprilita; Sri Juari Santosa; Takashi Hayashita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of phenol transport was conducted in correlation to the evaluation of copoly(eugenol-divinylbenzene, DVB) as carrier using polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) method. The performance of copoly(eugenol-DVB) was observed based on the parameters of Membrane Liquid (ML) loss. Some variations, including the effect of plasticizer concentration, stirring speed, and measurement of lifetime of the membrane, were studied. Related to the lifetime, the effect of the concentration of NaNO3 salt was also studied. The tensile strength of membrane before and after the transport was measured and their morphology was characterized using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Results of the study indicate that the value of the tensile strength of the membrane after the transport was lower than that before the transport. The lifetime of the membrane was not only depending on the capacity of the membrane in restraining ML loss, but also on the concentration of salt that was added to the solution of source phase. In addition, the lifetime of the membrane had correlation to the number of ML loss, i.e. the addition of salt lead to lower amount of ML loss and gave longer lifetime. With the addition of 0.1 M NaNO3, the lifetime of the membrane extended to 62 days, which is longer than the lifetime without the addition of NaO3 which was only 7 days.

THE INFLUENCE OF PVA.cl.CITRIC ACID/CHITOSAN MEMBRANE HYDROPHICILITY ON THE TRANSPORT OF CREATININE AND UREA Retno Ariadi Lusiana; Dwi Siswanta; Mudasir Mudasir; Takashi Hayashita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The influence of cross-linking and membrane hydrophilicity on the transport rate had been studied using a membrane prepared from a mixture of chitosan/PVA cross-linked citric acid (PVA.cl.CA) for creatinine and urea transport. The optimum mole ratio of PVA:citric acid as well as the best composition of chitosan:PVA.cl.CA were determined using creatinine transport study. Using the optimum compositions, further study was done using different thickness of the membrane in transporting creatinine, urea and a mixture of 3 species (creatinine, urea and vitamin B12). Membrane characterization was done using FT-IR spectrophotometer, water absorption test, TG/DTG and SEM. The results showed that the optimum composition PVA:citric acid was obtained to be 90:1, having % WU of 113.74% and creatinine transport percentage of 18.16%. Meanwhile, the optimum composition of chitosan:PVA.cl.CA was found at 4:6 ratio having % WU and % transport of 136.67% and 24.26%, respectively. The optimum transport capacity was found for membrane thickness of 50 µm with WU% at 139.61% and the percent transport of creatinine and urea each was 38.93% and 60.36%. The presence vitamin B12 in the solution of is proved to disturb the transport of creatinine and urea through the membrane. Finally, hydrophilicity seemed to give substantial contribution in the transport process as well as the mechanical strength of the membrane.

TRANSPORT OF PHENOL THROUGH INCLUSION POLYMER MEMBRANE (PIM) USING COPOLY(EUGENOL-DVB) AS MEMBRANE CARRIERS Agung Abadi Kiswandono; Dwi Siswanta; Nurul Hidayat Aprilita; Sri Juari Santosa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Copoly(eugenol-DVB) with DVB composition of 2%, 6% and 12% had been prepared and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The copolymers were used as membrane carriers for the transport of phenol using the polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) based on polyvinylchloride (PVC) as membrane support. The experimental conditions for investigation of the transport of phenol through the membranes were pH of the source phase, NaOH concentration in the stripping phase, membrane thickness, phenol concentration and transport time. The results showed that the optimum condition for phenol transport was achieved on the membrane based on copoly(eugenol-DVB) 12% with the transport efficiency of 75.6% at pH of the source phase of 4.5, NaOH concentration of 0.25 M and transport time of 48 h. The reaction follows first order kinetics with mass transfer coefficient (k) of 1.02×10-5 m/s and permeability (Ps) of 8.5×10-6 m/s.

IMMOBILIZATION OF HUMIC ACID ONTO CHITOSAN USING TOSYLATION METHOD WITH 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AS A SPACER ARM Uripto Trisno Santoso; Radna Nurmasari; Dewi Umaningrum; Sri Juari Santosa; Bambang Rusdiarso; Dwi Siswanta
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Immobilization of humic acid (HA) onto chitosan using tosylation method with 1,4-butanediol as a spacer arm has been evaluated. Chitosan was phthaloylated selectively using phthalic anhydride in dimethylformamide as solvent with addition of 5% water (v/v) as cosolvent prior to be tosylated. N-phthaloyl-chitosan and HA were tosylated using tosyl chloride in excess and triethylamine as catalyst at temperature < 10 °C for 12 h. The 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with 1,4-butanediol in order to obtain a spacer arm attached chitosan. The 6-O-butanol-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was activated by reacting with tosyl chloride. For evaluation on immobilization of HA on chitosan with and without spacer arm, 6-O-tosylbutane-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with HA and the 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with HA. The HA immobilized onto chitosan was characterized by XRD and FTIR spectrophotometric method. The result showed that HA can be immobilized covalently onto chitosan after attaching 1,4-butanediol as spacer arm onto 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan and activating the product with tosyl chloride, but HA cannot be reacted directly onto 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan.

KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF Pb(II) AND Cd(II) ADSORPTION ONTO TETRAKIS-THIOMETHYL-C-4-METHOXYPHENYLCALIX[4]RESORCINARENE Suryadi Budi Utomo; Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Mustofa Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The ability of tetrakis-thiomethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene for trapping Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution at different pH, contact times, and initial metal concentration was investigated. Concentration of metal ions before and after interaction was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result indicated that tetrakis-thiomethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene is a good host for metal ions, where Cd(II) sorption capacity was higher than that of Pb(II). Effect of pH on batch experiments for the mentioned ions indicated that the optimum pH for metal binding were 5 for both of lead(II) and cadmium(II). In order to investigate the mechanism of adsorption, the 1st-order, pseudo 1st-order, and pseudo 2nd-order kinetic models were used. The adsorption model of metal ions on the resorcinarene followed pseudo second order of Ho & McKay expression. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm has been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Langmuir model had the higher correlation coefficient than that of Freundlich model.

SEPARATION OF Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), AND Pb(II) METAL IONS USING POLY(EUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID) AS AN ION CARRIER BY A LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT METHOD La Harimu; Sabirin Matsjeh; Dwi Siswanta; Sri Juari Santosa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) metal ions had been separated using poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid) as an ion carrier by bulk liquid membrane transport method. The effect of pH, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, nitric acid concentration in the stripping solution, transport time, and metal concentration were optimized. The result showed that the optimum condition for transport of metal ions was at pH 4 for ion Fe(III) and at pH 5 for Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. The carrier volumes were optimum with concentration of 1 x 10-3 M at 7.5 mL for Cr(III), Cu (II), Ni(II), Co(II) ions and at 8.5 mL for Fe(III) and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of HNO3 in stripping phase was optimum at 2 M for Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, 1 M for Cr(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions, and 0.5 M for Pb(II) ion. The optimum transport times were 36 h for Fe(III) and Co(II) ions, and 48 h for Cr(III), Cu (II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of metal ions accurately transported were 2.5 x 10-4 M for Fe(III) and Cr(III) ions, and 1 M for Cu (II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. Compared to other metal ions the transport of Fe(III) was the highest with selectivity order of Fe(III) > Cr(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Co(II). At optimum condition, Fe(III) ion was transported through the membrane at 46.46%.

TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), AND Ag(I) IONS THROUGH BULK LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE–TETRADIETHYLACETAMIDE AS ION CARRIER Maming Maming; Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo; Keisuke Ohto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The study on the transport behavior of Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetradiethylacetamide as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this work are to determine the optimum condition, efficiency, and transport selectivity of the carriers for those ions. Both optimum condition and transport efficiency were obtained by determination of the concentration of transported ions with variation of the source phase pH, ion carrier concentration, the nature of decomplexant agent in the receiving phase, and transport time. The transport selectivity of the ion carrier was obtained from the ions competition transport experiments. The amount of Cr(III), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ag(I) transported across liquid membrane were 11.6, 25.5, 39.5, and 42.1% respectively. The ion carrier is selective for Cd(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), and strongly depends on the nature of decomplexant agent as well as transport mechanism. The remarkable selectivity was shown by the ion carrier to Ag(I) when the transport process was carry out under high concentration of acid in the source phase.

Humic Acid Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticle for Phenol Sorption Soerja Koesnarpadi; Sri Juari Santosa; Dwi Siswanta; Bambang Rusdiarso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The coating Fe3O4 using humic acid (HA) to form HA-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/HA) was conducted and applied for phenol sorption. Fe3O4/HA was prepared using co-precipitation method in an alkaline condition using ammonium hydroxide and the addition of HA with mass ratios of Fe3O4 and HA=20:1, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3. The HA from peat soil in Sambutan village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia and was extracted in NaOH 0.1 M solution. The FT-IR characterization indicated that the coating of HA on the surface of Fe3O4 was successfully synthesized by forming a bond between the carboxylate group of HA and iron of Fe3O4. The coating of HA on the surface of Fe3O4 did not change the crystal structure of Fe3O4, but had lower peak intensities than Fe3O4 if added with HA with mass ratios 20:1, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3. The saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 decreased with the increased content of HA. SEM image indicated the magnetic particle size was almost homogenous by 10-18 nm. Iron and HA in Fe3O4/HA materials synthesized using different mass ratios were stable in pH range of 3.0-11.0 and 1.0–11.0, respectively. The phenol sorption on Fe3O4 was optimum at pH 5.0 and on Fe3O4/HA with mass ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3 were optimum at pH 5.0-6.0. The kinetics model for phenol adsorption on Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/HA with mass ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3 could be described using pseudo second-order equation and was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.45 mmol/g for Fe3O4 and 0.55, 0.56, 0.58, 0.56 mmol/g respectively for Fe3O4/HA with mass ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 10:2, 10:3. The adsorption capacity increased with the increased content of HA, but the adsorption energy decreased except Fe3O4/HA with a mass ratio of 10:3. Generally, the performance of Fe3O4/HA materials was much higher than of bare Fe3O4.

The Role of Carboxyl and Hydroxyl Groups of Humic Acid in Removing AuCl4- from Aqueous Solution Sri Sudiono; Mustika Yuniarti; Dwi Siswanta; Eko Sri Kunarti; Triyono Triyono; Sri Juari Santosa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Humic acid (HA) extracted from peat soil according to the recommended procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) has been tested to remove AuCl4- from aqueous solution. The removal was optimum at pH 2.0 and it was mainly dictated by attachment through hydrogen bonding to unionized carboxyl (–COOH) groups and reduction by the action of the hydroxyl (–OH) groups to gold (Au) metal. The removal of AuCl4- improved after HA was purified through repeated immersion and shaking in a mixed solution containing 0.1 M HCl and 0.3 M HF. When the purification led to the sharp decrease in ash content from 39.34 to 0.85% (w/w) and significant increase in both the –COOH and –OH contents from 3240 to 3487 mmol/kg and from 4260 to 4620 mmol/kg, respectively; the removal of AuCl4- improved from 0.105 to 0.133 mmol/g. This improvement of AuCl4- removal by the purified HA was accompanied by higher ability in reduction to Au metal. The attached AuCl4- on –COOH groups of both crude and purified HAs was qualitatively observed by the characterization result of FT-IR spectroscopy, while the presence of Au metal on the surface of those HAs was verified by the characterization result of XRD.

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