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Zainal Alim Mas’ud
Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Microwave Assisted Cationic Polymerization of Different Type Palm Oils with Boron Trifluoride Ethereal Catalyst Muhamad Farid; Bambang Soegijono; Zainal Alim Mas’ud
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (504.296 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.26680

Abstract

Indonesia is a major producer of palm oils. However, more than 76% of the production is exported as crude palm oil (CPO) with low economic values. Chemical conversion is necessary to produce more valuable derivatives of renewable biobased material including a thermoplastic polymer. In this study, crude palm oils (CPO), refined-bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and refined bleached deodorized palm oil olein (RBDPOO) were converted under microwave-assisted cationic polymerization with the boron trifluoride ethereal catalyst. The precursors were irradiated using the commercial microwave with various reaction conditions. The raw material compositions, iodine values, and functional groups of the raw material and polymers were analyzed by gas chromatography, titrimetry, and Fourier Transform infrared spectrophotometry, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) was used to observe the thermal characteristics of the polymers. The iodine value of the resulting polymer products was lower than the raw materials which indicated the decrease of the C=C bonds due to the polymerization. This result is supported by the decreased intensity of alkene bands in the infrared spectra of the product. The DSC thermogram curve proved that the product is a thermoplastic polymer with a melting point ranged from 40.3 to 45.2 °C; and the freezing point of 22.5 to 28.1 °C. In conclusion, palm oil-based thermoplastic polymer was successfully synthesized and characterized, and the best result was achieved when using RBDPOO as starting material.
Hydrotreating of Sunan Candlenut (Reutealis trisperma Airy Shaw) Oil by Using NiMo-γAl2O3 as Renewable Energy Daliya Indra Setiawan; Tun Tedja Irawadi; Zainal Alim Mas’ud
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (14.471 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.27274

Abstract

Hydrotreating process of Sunan candlenut oil by using NiMo-γAl2O3 catalyst has been successfully investigated. Preparation of NiMo-γAl2O3 catalyst by using dipping impregnation method generated catalyst used for hydrotreating process. This method consists of three stages: support activation, impregnation, and calcination. This factors influencing the process including temperature, pressure, and the ratio of Sunan candlenut oil to the H2 gas factor were examined. The hydrotreating product of fuel similar to oil was obtained at a minimum temperature of 380 °C, a pressure of 30–60 bar, and the ratio of the sample to H2 gas of 0.5–1. The diesel fuel from physical properties range for the density of 0.82–0.86 g/cm3, and kinematic viscosity of 2–6 cSt have been fulfilled by hydrotreating result. Gasoline, naphtha, diesel oil, and gas oil products of Sunan candlenut oil were obtained by distillation from hydrotreating process. Sunan candlenut oil fuel qualified fuel requirement.
Co-Authors Bambang Soegijono Daliya Indra Setiawan Muhamad Farid Tun Tedja Irawadi