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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Preliminary Evaluation of Gunshot Residue (GSR) Using 3-Aminophenol as a Substitute in Modified Griess Test Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin; Zainiharyati Mohd Zain; Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim; Muhd Fauzi Safian; Mohd Azri Abdul Rani; Mohamed Sazif Mohamed Subri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 6 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.68265

Abstract

In forensic ballistics, gunshot residue (GSR) particles can be detected using screening or presumptive tests which are mainly focused on the chromophoric reaction. Most tests serve as an initial indication for a forensic investigator at the crime scene before instrumental analysis for definitive identification. The screening methods are known to be convenient, have fast analysis, and minimal preparation. In GSR analysis, the well-known method of detecting GSR known as the Modified Griess Test (MGT) requires acid and heat for the reaction. Therefore, this study demonstrated a new and rapid screening test named the Rapid Griess Test (RGT) for the detection of GSR. This study intends to improve the functionality of previous screening reagents in determining nitrite (NO2–), the composition present after shooting activity. To do this, chemical reagents with an amino group, 3-aminophenol, were substituted with alpha-naphthol. The experiment showed that the reactions were positive color changes using standard NO2– and real GSR samples. The diazotization reactions involving sulfanilic acid and 3-aminophenol produced azo dyes that changed the solution from colorless to orange in the presence of NO2–. The RGT reagent will make it possible to avoid using heat and the addition of acetic acids in a sample to form chromophoric reactions. Moreover, the colorimetric method using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) showed that RGT had higher intensity of the orange color when compared to MGT.
Trends of Forensic Analysis of Pen Ink Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar; Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim; Ezlan Elias; Muhd Fauzi Safian; Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.72282

Abstract

Many articles have been published on ink analysis to assist Forensic Document Examiner (FDE) in examining questioned documents. Ink analysis encountered about 45% of ballpoint and 24% of gel pen in forensic cases. Typically, ink samples found on the documents are limited to small quantities, requiring non-destructive techniques to preserve the evidence. Previous studies on ink analysis cover about 80% of spectroscopy techniques, including the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). FDE prefers ATR-FTIR to retain the legibility of evidence since ATR-FTIR is known as non-destructive, fast, reliable, and precise instrumentation. Various modifications and developments to this technique have been published. Therefore, this work reviews the trend of analysis performed on samples of the document and evaluates the current approaches to the capacity of using ATR-FTIR on such samples. Remarks on the comparison studies are also included.
Co-Authors Ezlan Elias Mohamed Sazif Mohamed Subri Mohd Azri Abdul Rani Muhd Fauzi Safian Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim Zainiharyati Mohd Zain