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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Tech-E International Journal of Supply Chain Management
Adi Irfan Che Ani
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Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Transportation

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Causes and Effects of Variation Orders in the Construction of Terrace Housing Projects: A Case Study in the State of Selangor, Malaysia Noraziah Mohammad; Adi Irfan Che Ani; Riza Atiq O.K. Rakmat
International Journal of Supply Chain Management Vol 6, No 1 (2017): International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM)
Publisher : International Journal of Supply Chain Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (13.161 KB)

Abstract

This paper investigates the most significant causes and effects contribute to the variation orders in the construction of housing projects in the States of Selangor Malaysia. Data was collected based on the existing literature reviews and also contract documents from a total of 61 housing project located at nine district in the state of Selangor. The data were analysed and the formulate the findings. The result from revealed four most significant causes variation orders which are: Change of scope by owner, Substitution of materials by owner, Changes of specification by owner and Changes of design by consultant. Meanwhile the effects of the variation orders are time and cost overrun. The finding concludes that owner is the major source of the variation orders in construction of building projects and suggested that owner should have adequate planning and recourses before initiating a project in order to avoid variation order during the construction stage.
FireReady Challenge: A 2D Gamified Prototype for Community Fire Safety Preparedness Rabeah Md Zin; Ahmad Amru Mohamad Zaid; Zailah Salamon; Adi Irfan Che Ani; Nur ‘Amirah Mhd Noh
Tech-E Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): TECH-E (Technology Electronic)
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi-Universitas Buddhi Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31253/te.v9i2.4304

Abstract

Fire protection remains a critical public concern, as fire-related incidents continue to cause substantial property damage, personal injuries, and loss of life. Although public awareness campaigns and routine safety drills are widely implemented, conventional didactic training methods such as posters, presentations, and demonstrations often fail to generate lasting comprehension or meaningful behavioural change. To address this gap, this paper presents the FireReady Challenge, a 2D gamified learning prototype designed to enhance community awareness and preparedness in fire safety. The game adopts the ADDIE instructional model to systematically translate key learning objectives into interactive digital experiences focused on hazard identification, safe evacuation procedures, emergency communication readiness, and proper fire extinguisher use. Gamification elements, including points, badges, real-time feedback, and time-bound missions, are embedded to strengthen motivation and user engagement. This concept design demonstrates an innovative approach to ICT-based fire safety education for community dissemination. Future research will involve pilot-scale deployment and empirical validation to evaluate learning outcomes, usability, and user acceptance.
Co-Authors Ahmad Amru Mohamad Zaid Noraziah Mohammad Nur ‘Amirah Mhd Noh Rabeah Md Zin Riza Atiq O.K. Rakmat Zailah Salamon